[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":1381},["ShallowReactive",2],{"/blog/building-build-images":3,"navigation-en-us":598,"banner-en-us":1023,"footer-en-us":1033,"blog-post-authors-en-us-Brendan O'Leary":1276,"blog-related-posts-en-us-building-build-images":1291,"blog-promotions-en-us":1317,"next-steps-en-us":1371},{"id":4,"title":5,"authors":6,"body":8,"category":577,"date":578,"description":579,"extension":580,"externalUrl":581,"faq":581,"featured":582,"heroImage":583,"meta":584,"navigation":241,"path":585,"seo":586,"slug":590,"stem":591,"tags":592,"template":596,"updatedDate":581,"__hash__":597},"blogPosts/en-us/blog/building-build-images.md","Getting [meta] with GitLab CI/CD: Building build images",[7],"Brendan O'Leary",{"type":9,"value":10,"toc":570},"minimark",[11,28,33,57,66,69,73,99,145,154,158,172,175,179,187,208,211,219,249,252,260,397,400,438,441,510,534,538,541,552,566],[12,13,14,18],"blockquote",{},[15,16,17],"p",{},"An alternative title for this post could have been:",[15,19,20,21,27],{},"I heard you liked Docker, so I put ",[22,23,26],"a",{"href":24,"rel":25},"https://hub.docker.com/_/docker/",[],"dind",".",[29,30,32],"h2",{"id":31},"getting-started","Getting started",[15,34,35,36,41,42,46,47,51,52,56],{},"It should be clear by now that I love building stuff with GitLab CI/CD. From\n",[22,37,40],{"href":38,"rel":39},"https://medium.com/gitlab-magazine/ci-cd-all-the-things-pihole-625a0ceaf12",[],"DNS","\nto ",[22,43,45],{"href":44},"/blog/introducing-auto-breakfast-from-gitlab/","breakfast"," GitLab CI/CD\noffers a pretty wide range. However, past those \"fun\" use cases, I also like\nto share some ",[48,49,50],"del",{},"best"," practices I have acquired during my years of using ",[22,53,55],{"href":54},"/solutions/continuous-integration/","GitLab\nCI/CD",", both for software and non-software projects alike.",[15,58,59,60,65],{},"I crossed out \"best\" above because I don't really like the term \"best practices.\" It\nimplies that there is only one right answer to a given question – which is the\nopposite of the point of computer science. Sure there are better and worse ways to\ndo something – but like many things in life, you have to find what works for\nyou. \"",[22,61,64],{"href":62,"rel":63},"https://www.amazon.com/Best-Camera-One-Thats-You/dp/0321684788",[],"The best camera is the one you have with you","\"\ncomes to mind when building CI/CD for projects. Something that works is better than something that's pretty.",[15,67,68],{},"But, enough of my digression, let's get to the practice I wanted to share in this\npost: Building build images as part of the build process. Yes, it is precisely as meta as it sounds.",[29,70,72],{"id":71},"why","Why?",[15,74,75,76,81,82,87,88,93,94,98],{},"Often when building a particular project, you may have several unique build dependencies.\nIn many languages, package managers solve for the majority if not all of these\ndependencies – at least for build time (think ",[22,77,80],{"href":78,"rel":79},"https://www.npmjs.com",[],"npm",", ",[22,83,86],{"href":84,"rel":85},"https://rubygems.org/",[],"RubyGems",",\n",[22,89,92],{"href":90,"rel":91},"https://maven.apache.org/what-is-maven.html",[],"Maven","). However, when we are building and\ndeploying (CI/",[95,96,97],"strong",{},"CD"," let's remember) from a machine that is not our own, that may not\nbe enough. There may be a few dependencies we might need from elsewhere.",[15,100,101,102,107,108,113,114,117,118,81,123,87,128,133,134,107,139,144],{},"The language libraries themselves are one such dependency – to build Java I'm going to need\nthe JDK or JRE. To build Node, I'll need... well Node, etc. In a Docker-based environment,\nthose languages and dependencies typically have an official image on Docker\nHub (",[22,103,106],{"href":104,"rel":105},"https://hub.docker.com/_/oracle-serverjre-8",[],"JRE from Oracle"," or\n",[22,109,112],{"href":110,"rel":111},"https://hub.docker.com/_/node",[],"Node from Node.js"," for instance). Assume, however, that\nI may need a few other things not included in ",[95,115,116],{},"either"," those official Docker images or\nthe package manager I'm using. For instance, maybe I need a CLI tool for\ndeploy (",[22,119,122],{"href":120,"rel":121},"https://aws.amazon.com/cli/",[],"AWS",[22,124,127],{"href":125,"rel":126},"https://devcenter.heroku.com/articles/heroku-cli",[],"Heroku",[22,129,132],{"href":130,"rel":131},"https://firebase.google.com/docs/cli",[],"Firebase",", etc.). We also might need a testing\nframework or tool like ",[22,135,138],{"href":136,"rel":137},"https://www.seleniumhq.org",[],"Selenium",[22,140,143],{"href":141,"rel":142},"https://developers.google.com/web/updates/2017/04/headless-chrome",[],"headless Chrome",".\nOr I may need other tools for packaging, testing, or deployment.",[15,146,147,148,153],{},"Sometimes there is a Docker image on Docker Hub for these combinations – or some of\nthem – but not always a maintained version. One easy solution to this could be to\njust run the install of the tools before every job that needs it. This can\neven be \"automated\" using something like\nthe ",[22,149,152],{"href":150,"rel":151},"https://docs.gitlab.com/ci/yaml/#before_script-and-after_script",[],"before_script"," syntax.\nHowever, this adds time to our pipeline and seems inefficient: Is there a better way?",[29,155,157],{"id":156},"enter-the-gitlab-docker-registry","Enter the GitLab Docker registry",[15,159,160,161,165,166,171],{},"Since GitLab is a single application for the entire ",[22,162,164],{"href":163},"/topics/devops/","DevOps"," lifecycle – it actually\nships out of the box with a built-in\n",[22,167,170],{"href":168,"rel":169},"https://docs.gitlab.com/user/packages/container_registry/",[],"Docker registry",".\nThis can be a useful tool when deploying code in a containerized environment. We can\nbuild our application into a container and send it off into Kubernetes or some\nother Docker orchestrator.",[15,173,174],{},"However, I also see this registry as an opportunity to save time in my\npipeline (and save round trips to Docker hub and back every time). For builds that require\nsome of these extra dependencies, I like to build a \"build\" Docker image.\nThat way, I have an image with all of those baked right in. Then, as part of my\npipeline, I can build the image at the start (only when changes are made or every time).\nAnd the rest of the pipeline can consume that image as the base image.",[29,176,178],{"id":177},"putting-it-in-practice","Putting it in practice",[15,180,181,182,27],{},"For example, let's see what it looks like to build a simple Docker image to use with\ndeploying to ",[22,183,186],{"href":184,"rel":185},"https://firebase.google.com/",[],"Google Firebase",[15,188,189,190,194,195,199,200,204,205],{},"Firebase is a \"backend as a service\" tool that provides a database, authentication,\nand other services across platforms (web, iOS, and Android). It also includes web hosting\nand several other items that can be deployed through ",[22,191,193],{"href":130,"rel":192},[],"a CLI",".\nThis tool makes getting started really easy. You can deploy the whole stack with\n",[196,197,198],"code",{},"firebase deploy."," Alternatively, you can deploy a part (like ",[22,201,203],{"href":202},"/topics/serverless/","serverless"," functions)\nwith a command like ",[196,206,207],{},"firebase deploy --only functions.",[15,209,210],{},"Making this work in a CI/CD world requires a few extra steps though. We'll need a Node\nDocker image that has the firebase CLI in it, so let's make a simple Dockerfile to do that.",[12,212,213],{},[15,214,215,216],{},"Putting this Dockerfile in ",[196,217,218],{},".meta/Dockerfile",[220,221,226],"pre",{"className":222,"code":223,"language":224,"meta":225,"style":225},"language-dockerfile shiki shiki-themes github-light","FROM node:10\n\nRUN npm install -g firebase-tools\n","dockerfile","",[196,227,228,236,243],{"__ignoreMap":225},[229,230,233],"span",{"class":231,"line":232},"line",1,[229,234,235],{},"FROM node:10\n",[229,237,239],{"class":231,"line":238},2,[229,240,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},true,"\n",[229,244,246],{"class":231,"line":245},3,[229,247,248],{},"RUN npm install -g firebase-tools\n",[15,250,251],{},"Next, I'll add a job to the front of my pipeline.",[12,253,254],{},[15,255,256,257],{},"Added to the front of my ",[196,258,259],{},".gitlab-ci.yml",[220,261,265],{"className":262,"code":263,"language":264,"meta":225,"style":225},"language-yaml shiki shiki-themes github-light","meta-build-image:\n  image: docker:stable\n  services:\n    - docker:dind\n  stage: prepare\n  script:\n    - docker login -u $CI_REGISTRY_USER -p $CI_REGISTRY_PASSWORD $CI_REGISTRY\n    - cd .meta\n    - docker build -t $CI_REGISTRY/group/project/buildimage:latest .\n    - docker push $CI_REGISTRY/group/project/buildimage:latest\n  only:\n    refs:\n      - main\n    changes:\n      - .meta/Dockerfile\n\n","yaml",[196,266,267,277,289,296,305,316,324,332,340,348,356,364,372,381,389],{"__ignoreMap":225},[229,268,269,273],{"class":231,"line":232},[229,270,272],{"class":271},"shJU0","meta-build-image",[229,274,276],{"class":275},"sgsFI",":\n",[229,278,279,282,285],{"class":231,"line":238},[229,280,281],{"class":271},"  image",[229,283,284],{"class":275},": ",[229,286,288],{"class":287},"sYBdl","docker:stable\n",[229,290,291,294],{"class":231,"line":245},[229,292,293],{"class":271},"  services",[229,295,276],{"class":275},[229,297,299,302],{"class":231,"line":298},4,[229,300,301],{"class":275},"    - ",[229,303,304],{"class":287},"docker:dind\n",[229,306,308,311,313],{"class":231,"line":307},5,[229,309,310],{"class":271},"  stage",[229,312,284],{"class":275},[229,314,315],{"class":287},"prepare\n",[229,317,319,322],{"class":231,"line":318},6,[229,320,321],{"class":271},"  script",[229,323,276],{"class":275},[229,325,327,329],{"class":231,"line":326},7,[229,328,301],{"class":275},[229,330,331],{"class":287},"docker login -u $CI_REGISTRY_USER -p $CI_REGISTRY_PASSWORD $CI_REGISTRY\n",[229,333,335,337],{"class":231,"line":334},8,[229,336,301],{"class":275},[229,338,339],{"class":287},"cd .meta\n",[229,341,343,345],{"class":231,"line":342},9,[229,344,301],{"class":275},[229,346,347],{"class":287},"docker build -t $CI_REGISTRY/group/project/buildimage:latest .\n",[229,349,351,353],{"class":231,"line":350},10,[229,352,301],{"class":275},[229,354,355],{"class":287},"docker push $CI_REGISTRY/group/project/buildimage:latest\n",[229,357,359,362],{"class":231,"line":358},11,[229,360,361],{"class":271},"  only",[229,363,276],{"class":275},[229,365,367,370],{"class":231,"line":366},12,[229,368,369],{"class":271},"    refs",[229,371,276],{"class":275},[229,373,375,378],{"class":231,"line":374},13,[229,376,377],{"class":275},"      - ",[229,379,380],{"class":287},"main\n",[229,382,384,387],{"class":231,"line":383},14,[229,385,386],{"class":271},"    changes",[229,388,276],{"class":275},[229,390,392,394],{"class":231,"line":391},15,[229,393,377],{"class":275},[229,395,396],{"class":287},".meta/Dockerfile\n",[15,398,399],{},"Let's break down that job:",[401,402,403,414,420,428],"ol",{},[404,405,406,407,410,411],"li",{},"We use the ",[196,408,409],{},"docker:stable"," image and a service of ",[196,412,413],{},"docker:dind",[404,415,416,417],{},"The stage is my first stage called ",[196,418,419],{},"prepare",[404,421,422,423,27],{},"In the script, we login to the GitLab registry with the built-in variables and build the\nimage. For more details see the ",[22,424,427],{"href":425,"rel":426},"https://docs.gitlab.com/ci/docker/using_docker_build/",[],"GitLab documentation for building Docker images",[404,429,430,431,434,435,437],{},"We only run this on ",[196,432,433],{},"main"," and only when the ",[196,436,218],{}," changes. This makes\nsure we are specific about when we change the Docker image. We could also use the\ncommit hash or other methods here to make the image more fungible.",[15,439,440],{},"Now, in further jobs down the pipeline, I can use the latest build of the Docker image like this:",[220,442,444],{"className":262,"code":443,"language":264,"meta":225,"style":225},"firestore:\n  image: registry.gitlab.com/group/project/buildimage\n  stage: deploy 🚢🇮🇹\n  script:\n    - firebase deploy --only firestore\n  only:\n    changes:\n      - .firebase-config/firestore.rules\n      - .firebase-config/firestore.indexes.json\n\n",[196,445,446,453,462,471,477,484,490,496,503],{"__ignoreMap":225},[229,447,448,451],{"class":231,"line":232},[229,449,450],{"class":271},"firestore",[229,452,276],{"class":275},[229,454,455,457,459],{"class":231,"line":238},[229,456,281],{"class":271},[229,458,284],{"class":275},[229,460,461],{"class":287},"registry.gitlab.com/group/project/buildimage\n",[229,463,464,466,468],{"class":231,"line":245},[229,465,310],{"class":271},[229,467,284],{"class":275},[229,469,470],{"class":287},"deploy 🚢🇮🇹\n",[229,472,473,475],{"class":231,"line":298},[229,474,321],{"class":271},[229,476,276],{"class":275},[229,478,479,481],{"class":231,"line":307},[229,480,301],{"class":275},[229,482,483],{"class":287},"firebase deploy --only firestore\n",[229,485,486,488],{"class":231,"line":318},[229,487,361],{"class":271},[229,489,276],{"class":275},[229,491,492,494],{"class":231,"line":326},[229,493,386],{"class":271},[229,495,276],{"class":275},[229,497,498,500],{"class":231,"line":334},[229,499,377],{"class":275},[229,501,502],{"class":287},".firebase-config/firestore.rules\n",[229,504,505,507],{"class":231,"line":342},[229,506,377],{"class":275},[229,508,509],{"class":287},".firebase-config/firestore.indexes.json\n",[15,511,512,513,518,519,522,523,528,529,27],{},"In this job, we only run the job if something about\nthe ",[22,514,517],{"href":515,"rel":516},"https://firebase.google.com/docs/firestore",[],"Firestore"," (the database from Firebase)\nconfiguration changes. And when it does, we run the ",[196,520,521],{},"firestore deploy"," command in CI. I\nalso added a token for deploy as a ",[22,524,527],{"href":525,"rel":526},"https://docs.gitlab.com/ci/variables/",[],"GitLab CI/CD variable","\nbased off the Firebase documentation\nfor ",[22,530,533],{"href":531,"rel":532},"https://firebase.google.com/docs/cli#admin-commands",[],"using firebase with CI",[29,535,537],{"id":536},"summary","Summary",[15,539,540],{},"In the end, this helps speed up pipelines by ensuring that you have a custom-built build\nimage that you control. You don't have to rely on unstable or unmaintained Docker Hub\nimages or even have a Docker Hub account yourself to get started.",[15,542,543,544,547,548,27],{},"To learn more about GitLab CI/CD you can ",[22,545,546],{"href":54},"read the GitLab website","\nor the CI/CD docs. 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