[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":1162},["ShallowReactive",2],{"/blog/improving-accessibility-in-gitlab-navigation":3,"navigation-en-us":374,"banner-en-us":802,"footer-en-us":812,"blog-post-authors-en-us-Scott de Jonge":1057,"blog-related-posts-en-us-improving-accessibility-in-gitlab-navigation":1073,"blog-promotions-en-us":1099,"next-steps-en-us":1152},{"id":4,"title":5,"authors":6,"body":8,"category":354,"date":355,"description":356,"extension":357,"externalUrl":358,"faq":358,"featured":359,"heroImage":360,"meta":361,"navigation":362,"path":363,"seo":364,"slug":368,"stem":369,"tags":370,"template":372,"updatedDate":358,"__hash__":373},"blogPosts/en-us/blog/improving-accessibility-in-gitlab-navigation.md","How we improved accessibility in GitLab’s new navigation",[7],"Scott de Jonge",{"type":9,"value":10,"toc":344},"minimark",[11,15,22,25,30,46,61,65,80,83,87,102,117,126,154,163,166,247,251,254,279,296,323,326,330,333,337],[12,13,14],"p",{},"A new navigation redesign provides an excellent opportunity to build upon the existing experience and improve accessibility. With navigation, it’s important to review accessibility at every opportunity, refine the experience with findings, and respect people’s existing relationship with GitLab’s navigation.",[12,16,17],{},[18,19],"img",{"alt":20,"src":21},"Navigation dashboard","https://res.cloudinary.com/about-gitlab-com/image/upload/v1782397779/blog/Content%20Images/2023-05-31-navigation-accessibility/navigation-accessibility-illustration%402x.png",[12,23,24],{},"Here are the steps we took, what we learned, and the impact on our navigation redesign.",[26,27,29],"h2",{"id":28},"review-accessibility-early","Review accessibility early",[12,31,32,33,39,40,45],{},"To know what we needed to deliver, we had to understand what the ",[34,35,38],"a",{"href":36,"rel":37},"https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/382850#note_1187135551",[],"existing navigation experience was for people using assistive technologies (AT)"," such as screen readers. An effective evaluation technique is mapping the navigation ",[34,41,44],{"href":42,"rel":43},"https://web.dev/the-accessibility-tree/",[],"accessibility tree",". This provided detail into the order of elements as well as their accessible roles and labels that are communicated by AT. Reducing major changes to the accessibility tree minimizes disruption to people’s memory of navigation items.",[12,47,48,49,54,55,60],{},"Early experiments with a ",[34,50,53],{"href":51,"rel":52},"https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/382850#note_1192150162",[],"low fidelity HTML prototype of the new navigation design"," provided insight into how HTML elements with appropriate ",[34,56,59],{"href":57,"rel":58},"https://www.w3.org/TR/wai-aria-1.2/",[],"ARIA attributes"," could achieve an intuitive and meaningful accessibility tree. This exercise allowed for a collaborative evaluation of the proposed designs, identifying tweaks to improve accessibility.",[26,62,64],{"id":63},"review-accessibility-frequently","Review accessibility frequently",[12,66,67,68,73,74,79],{},"Early prototyping gives a top-level view of accessibility, it is helpful for determining the ",[34,69,72],{"href":70,"rel":71},"https://developer.chrome.com/docs/lighthouse/accessibility/logical-tab-order/",[],"order of tab stops"," and selecting the appropriate ",[34,75,78],{"href":76,"rel":77},"https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/blog/aria-accessibility-html-landmark-roles/",[],"landmarks elements",". More complex interactions, such as interactive menus, are better suited to individual reviews.",[12,81,82],{},"Accessibility reviews of interactive menu components ensure they deliver a desirable experience in isolation. When implemented within the navigation, these components can then be reviewed in context by themselves (keyboard interactivity and accessible labels), and in relationship with other menus (logical tab stops and consistent behaviors).",[26,84,86],{"id":85},"review-with-popular-accessibility-technologies","Review with popular accessibility technologies",[12,88,89,90,95,96,101],{},"Automated testing tools like ",[34,91,94],{"href":92,"rel":93},"https://www.deque.com/axe/devtools/",[],"aXe DevTools"," are excellent at highlighting ",[34,97,100],{"href":98,"rel":99},"https://www.w3.org/WAI/standards-guidelines/wcag/",[],"Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG)"," criteria violations directly on elements. This makes it simple to identify the required changes to markup and styles for semantic meaning, readability, and contrast.",[12,103,104,105,110,111,116],{},"It’s important to manually test web accessibility with ",[34,106,109],{"href":107,"rel":108},"https://webaim.org/projects/screenreadersurvey9/#browsercombos",[],"popular screen reader and browser combinations"," to evaluate the ",[34,112,115],{"href":113,"rel":114},"https://karlgroves.com/efficiency-in-accessibility-testing-or-why-usability-testing-should-be-last/",[],"75% of criteria which automated tools miss",". When manually testing with screen readers, we identify accessibility issues, such as the logical order of elements, keyboard interactivity, and descriptive labels of elements and states, which improve the experience for people using AT or alternative input modes. It's crucial to providing an inclusive and accessible experience for all users.",[12,118,119,120,125],{},"While reviewing the new navigation, we manually tested with the following screen reader and browser combinations using local devices and ",[34,121,124],{"href":122,"rel":123},"https://assistivlabs.com/",[],"Assistiv Labs",":",[127,128,129,138,146],"ul",{},[130,131,132,137],"li",{},[34,133,136],{"href":134,"rel":135},"https://www.freedomscientific.com/products/software/jaws/",[],"JAWS"," with Chrome on Windows",[130,139,140,145],{},[34,141,144],{"href":142,"rel":143},"https://www.nvaccess.org/about-nvda/",[],"NVDA"," with Firefox on Windows",[130,147,148,153],{},[34,149,152],{"href":150,"rel":151},"https://support.apple.com/en-ca/guide/voiceover/welcome/mac",[],"VoiceOver"," with Safari on MacOS and iOS",[12,155,156,157,162],{},"Findings from testing were logged into an ",[34,158,161],{"href":159,"rel":160},"https://gitlab.com/groups/gitlab-org/-/epics/9623",[],"epic"," where they were prioritized, actioned, and tested again.",[12,164,165],{},"Here are some key findings from our manual accessibility testing:",[167,168,169,205,228,239],"ol",{},[130,170,171,172,180,181,188,189,192,193,198,199,204],{},"Using ",[34,173,176],{"href":174,"rel":175},"https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/Accessibility/ARIA/Attributes/aria-expanded",[],[177,178,179],"code",{},"aria-expanded"," and ",[34,182,185],{"href":183,"rel":184},"https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/Accessibility/ARIA/Attributes/aria-controls",[],[177,186,187],{},"aria-controls"," on ",[177,190,191],{},"\u003Cbutton>"," elements which toggle menu section to provide meaningful state descriptions to screen readers (",[34,194,197],{"href":195,"rel":196},"https://www.w3.org/WAI/WCAG21/.Understanding/consistent-navigation.html",[],"WCAG 2.1 3.2.3: Consistent Navigation",", ",[34,200,203],{"href":201,"rel":202},"https://www.w3.org/WAI/WCAG21/Understanding/name-role-value",[],"WCAG 2.1 4.1.2: Name, Role, Value",")",[130,206,171,207,214,215,218,219,198,223,227],{},[34,208,211],{"href":209,"rel":210},"https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/Accessibility/ARIA/Attributes/aria-current",[],[177,212,213],{},"aria-current=\"page\""," on the current page link ",[177,216,217],{},"\u003Ca>"," element to announce current page when focused (",[34,220,197],{"href":221,"rel":222},"https://www.w3.org/WAI/WCAG21/Understanding/consistent-navigation.html",[],[34,224,226],{"href":201,"rel":225},[],"WCAG 2.1 4.1.2 Name, Role, Value",").",[130,229,230,231,198,234,227],{},"Including a \"Skip to main content\" link to allow keyboard and screen reader users to bypass repetitive content (",[34,232,197],{"href":221,"rel":233},[],[34,235,238],{"href":236,"rel":237},"https://www.w3.org/WAI/WCAG21/Understanding/bypass-blocks.html",[],"WCAG 2.1 2.4.1: Bypass Blocks",[130,240,241,242,227],{},"Excluding navigation contents from focus order when collapsed (",[34,243,246],{"href":244,"rel":245},"https://www.w3.org/WAI/WCAG21/Understanding/focus-order.html",[],"WCAG 2.1 2.4.3: Focus order",[26,248,250],{"id":249},"leverage-browser-behavior","Leverage browser behavior",[12,252,253],{},"One of the interesting implementation challenges of the new navigation was excluding interactive content when it’s collapsed.",[12,255,256,257,264,265,272,273,278],{},"Early interactions used the ",[34,258,261],{"href":259,"rel":260},"https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/Accessibility/ARIA/Attributes/aria-hidden",[],[177,262,263],{},"aria-hidden"," attribute in combination with ",[34,266,269],{"href":267,"rel":268},"https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Global_attributes/inert",[],[177,270,271],{},"inert"," to ensure content was hidden for keyboard and screen readers. When testing with different browser and screen reader combinations we discovered content was still interactive for browsers that did not support ",[34,274,276],{"href":267,"rel":275},[],[177,277,271],{},".",[12,280,281,282,287,288,295],{},"Instead of ",[34,283,285],{"href":259,"rel":284},[],[177,286,263],{},", we could use the ",[34,289,292],{"href":290,"rel":291},"https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/visibility",[],[177,293,294],{},"visibility: hidden"," CSS property, which proved to work as expected. The catch was that it also affects the visibility (hence the name) for sighted users and would need to be applied only once the transition between expanded and collapsed state is complete. Adding to the complexity of the implementation. This became even more complex, as there are different default collapse states between viewport sizes, as well as a mouse-hover peek behavior. In the end this solution was not as maintainable and robust as hoped. Back to the drawing board.",[12,297,298,299,304,305,310,311,316,317,322],{},"Collaborative efforts of browser vendors to implement web standards through ",[34,300,303],{"href":301,"rel":302},"https://wpt.fyi/interop-2023",[],"Interop"," meant that the ",[34,306,308],{"href":267,"rel":307},[],[177,309,271],{}," HTML attribute became fully supported as of ",[34,312,315],{"href":313,"rel":314},"https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Mozilla/Firefox/Releases/112#html",[],"Firefox v112",". Now the  ",[34,318,320],{"href":267,"rel":319},[],[177,321,271],{}," attribute allowed the navigation to be marked as non-interactive and simplified the approach whilst also providing a consistent experience in modern browsers (last two major versions) and screen readers.",[12,324,325],{},"Using HTML standards produces a consistent experience across devices and browsers that is more familiar to users, as well as improving maintainability and robustness of the implementation.",[26,327,329],{"id":328},"make-iterative-improvements","Make iterative improvements",[12,331,332],{},"We’ve reviewed the navigation at key milestones to find and resolve accessibility issues, and refine the accessibility tree. Thanks to these efforts, we’ve iteratively improved upon the existing navigation accessibility, satisfying relevant WCAG criteria, and delivering an intuitive and familiar experience for AT.",[26,334,336],{"id":335},"whats-next","What’s next",[12,338,339,340,278],{},"Accessibility is never done, while we’ve carefully considered accessibility throughout the design and implementation stages, we need your feedback on how we can continue to iterate on the accessibility of the new navigation. Please add any feedback, questions, or ideas to the ",[34,341,343],{"href":159,"rel":342},[],"navigation accessibility epic",{"title":345,"searchDepth":346,"depth":346,"links":347},"",2,[348,349,350,351,352,353],{"id":28,"depth":346,"text":29},{"id":63,"depth":346,"text":64},{"id":85,"depth":346,"text":86},{"id":249,"depth":346,"text":250},{"id":328,"depth":346,"text":329},{"id":335,"depth":346,"text":336},"engineering","2023-06-12","A new navigation redesign provides an excellent opportunity to build upon the existing experience and improve accessibility for everyone.","md",null,false,"https://res.cloudinary.com/about-gitlab-com/image/upload/v1749664087/Blog/Hero%20Images/tanukicover.jpg",{},true,"/en-us/blog/improving-accessibility-in-gitlab-navigation",{"title":5,"description":356,"ogTitle":5,"ogDescription":356,"noIndex":359,"ogImage":360,"ogUrl":365,"ogSiteName":366,"ogType":367,"canonicalUrls":365},"https://about.gitlab.com/blog/improving-accessibility-in-gitlab-navigation","https://about.gitlab.com","article","improving-accessibility-in-gitlab-navigation","en-us/blog/improving-accessibility-in-gitlab-navigation",[371],"product","BlogPost","zvwE31jYcCC7hcgdMpTZ4whxbh6HmRBniRBQI7scRUw",{"logo":375,"freeTrial":380,"sales":385,"login":390,"items":395,"search":722,"minimal":753,"duo":772,"switchNav":781,"pricingDeployment":792},{"config":376},{"href":377,"dataGaName":378,"dataGaLocation":379},"/","gitlab logo","header",{"text":381,"config":382},"Get free trial",{"href":383,"dataGaName":384,"dataGaLocation":379},"https://gitlab.com/-/trial_registrations/new?glm_source=about.gitlab.com&glm_content=default-saas-trial/","free trial",{"text":386,"config":387},"Request a demo",{"href":388,"dataGaName":389,"dataGaLocation":379},"/sales/?contact-topic=request-demo","sales",{"text":391,"config":392},"Sign in",{"href":393,"dataGaName":394,"dataGaLocation":379},"https://gitlab.com/users/sign_in/","sign in",[396,425,525,530,644,700],{"text":397,"config":398,"menu":400},"Platform",{"dataNavLevelOne":399},"platform",{"type":401,"columns":402},"cards",[403,409,417],{"title":397,"description":404,"link":405},"The intelligent orchestration platform for DevSecOps",{"text":406,"config":407},"Explore our Platform",{"href":408,"dataGaName":399,"dataGaLocation":379},"/platform/",{"title":410,"description":411,"link":412},"GitLab Duo Agent Platform","Agentic AI for the entire software lifecycle",{"text":413,"config":414},"Meet GitLab Duo",{"href":415,"dataGaName":416,"dataGaLocation":379},"/gitlab-duo-agent-platform/","gitlab duo agent platform",{"title":418,"description":419,"link":420},"Why GitLab","See the top reasons enterprises choose GitLab",{"text":421,"config":422},"Learn more",{"href":423,"dataGaName":424,"dataGaLocation":379},"/why-gitlab/","why gitlab",{"text":426,"left":362,"config":427,"menu":429},"Product",{"dataNavLevelOne":428},"solutions",{"type":430,"link":431,"columns":435,"feature":504},"lists",{"text":432,"config":433},"View all Solutions",{"href":434,"dataGaName":428,"dataGaLocation":379},"/solutions/",[436,460,483],{"title":437,"description":438,"link":439,"items":444},"Automation","CI/CD and automation to accelerate deployment",{"config":440},{"icon":441,"href":442,"dataGaName":443,"dataGaLocation":379},"AutomatedCodeAlt","/solutions/delivery-automation/","automated software delivery",[445,449,452,456],{"text":446,"config":447},"CI/CD",{"href":448,"dataGaLocation":379,"dataGaName":446},"/solutions/continuous-integration/",{"text":410,"config":450},{"href":415,"dataGaLocation":379,"dataGaName":451},"gitlab duo agent platform - product menu",{"text":453,"config":454},"Source Code Management",{"href":455,"dataGaLocation":379,"dataGaName":453},"/solutions/source-code-management/",{"text":457,"config":458},"Automated Software Delivery",{"href":442,"dataGaLocation":379,"dataGaName":459},"Automated software delivery",{"title":461,"description":462,"link":463,"items":468},"Security","Deliver code faster without compromising security",{"config":464},{"href":465,"dataGaName":466,"dataGaLocation":379,"icon":467},"/solutions/application-security-testing/","security and compliance","ShieldCheckLight",[469,473,478],{"text":470,"config":471},"Application Security Testing",{"href":465,"dataGaName":472,"dataGaLocation":379},"Application security testing",{"text":474,"config":475},"Software Supply Chain Security",{"href":476,"dataGaLocation":379,"dataGaName":477},"/solutions/supply-chain/","Software supply chain security",{"text":479,"config":480},"Software Compliance",{"href":481,"dataGaName":482,"dataGaLocation":379},"/solutions/software-compliance/","software compliance",{"title":484,"link":485,"items":490},"Measurement",{"config":486},{"icon":487,"href":488,"dataGaName":489,"dataGaLocation":379},"DigitalTransformation","/solutions/visibility-measurement/","visibility and measurement",[491,495,499],{"text":492,"config":493},"Visibility & Measurement",{"href":488,"dataGaLocation":379,"dataGaName":494},"Visibility and Measurement",{"text":496,"config":497},"Value Stream Management",{"href":498,"dataGaLocation":379,"dataGaName":496},"/solutions/value-stream-management/",{"text":500,"config":501},"Analytics & Insights",{"href":502,"dataGaLocation":379,"dataGaName":503},"/solutions/analytics-and-insights/","Analytics and insights",{"title":505,"type":430,"items":506},"GitLab for",[507,513,519],{"text":508,"config":509},"Enterprise",{"icon":510,"href":511,"dataGaLocation":379,"dataGaName":512},"Building","/enterprise/","enterprise",{"text":514,"config":515},"Small Business",{"icon":516,"href":517,"dataGaLocation":379,"dataGaName":518},"Work","/small-business/","small business",{"text":520,"config":521},"Public Sector",{"icon":522,"href":523,"dataGaLocation":379,"dataGaName":524},"Organization","/solutions/public-sector/","public sector",{"text":526,"config":527},"Pricing",{"href":528,"dataGaName":529,"dataGaLocation":379,"dataNavLevelOne":529},"/pricing/","pricing",{"text":531,"config":532,"menu":534},"Resources",{"dataNavLevelOne":533},"resources",{"type":430,"link":535,"columns":539,"feature":633},{"text":536,"config":537},"View all resources",{"href":538,"dataGaName":533,"dataGaLocation":379},"/resources/",[540,573,600],{"title":541,"items":542},"Getting started",[543,548,553,558,563,568],{"text":544,"config":545},"Install",{"href":546,"dataGaName":547,"dataGaLocation":379},"/install/","install",{"text":549,"config":550},"Quick start guides",{"href":551,"dataGaName":552,"dataGaLocation":379},"/get-started/","quick setup checklists",{"text":554,"config":555},"Learn",{"href":556,"dataGaLocation":379,"dataGaName":557},"https://university.gitlab.com/","learn",{"text":559,"config":560},"Product documentation",{"href":561,"dataGaName":562,"dataGaLocation":379},"https://docs.gitlab.com/","product documentation",{"text":564,"config":565},"Best practice videos",{"href":566,"dataGaName":567,"dataGaLocation":379},"/getting-started-videos/","best practice videos",{"text":569,"config":570},"Integrations",{"href":571,"dataGaName":572,"dataGaLocation":379},"/integrations/","integrations",{"title":574,"items":575},"Discover",[576,581,586,591,595],{"text":577,"config":578},"Customer success stories",{"href":579,"dataGaName":580,"dataGaLocation":379},"/customers/","customer success stories",{"text":582,"config":583},"Blog",{"href":584,"dataGaName":585,"dataGaLocation":379},"/blog/","blog",{"text":587,"config":588},"Demo Hub",{"href":589,"dataGaName":590,"dataGaLocation":379},"/demo-hub/","demo hub",{"text":592,"config":593},"The Source",{"href":594,"dataGaName":585,"dataGaLocation":379},"/the-source/",{"text":596,"config":597},"Remote",{"href":598,"dataGaName":599,"dataGaLocation":379},"https://handbook.gitlab.com/handbook/company/culture/all-remote/","remote",{"title":601,"items":602},"Connect",[603,608,613,618,623,628],{"text":604,"config":605},"GitLab Services",{"href":606,"dataGaName":607,"dataGaLocation":379},"/services/","services",{"text":609,"config":610},"Contribute",{"href":611,"dataGaName":612,"dataGaLocation":379},"https://contributors.gitlab.com","contribute",{"text":614,"config":615},"Community",{"href":616,"dataGaName":617,"dataGaLocation":379},"/community/","community",{"text":619,"config":620},"Forum",{"href":621,"dataGaName":622,"dataGaLocation":379},"https://forum.gitlab.com/","forum",{"text":624,"config":625},"Events",{"href":626,"dataGaName":627,"dataGaLocation":379},"/events/","events",{"text":629,"config":630},"Partners",{"href":631,"dataGaName":632,"dataGaLocation":379},"/partners/","partners",{"config":634,"title":637,"text":638,"link":639},{"background":635,"textColor":636},"url('https://res.cloudinary.com/about-gitlab-com/image/upload/v1777322348/qpq8yrgn8knii57omj0c.png')","#000","What’s new in GitLab","Stay updated with our latest features and improvements.",{"text":640,"config":641},"Read the latest",{"href":642,"dataGaName":643,"dataGaLocation":379},"/whats-new/","whats new",{"text":645,"config":646,"menu":648},"Company",{"dataNavLevelOne":647},"company",{"type":430,"columns":649},[650],{"items":651},[652,657,663,665,670,675,680,685,690,695],{"text":653,"config":654},"About",{"href":655,"dataGaName":656,"dataGaLocation":379},"/company/","about",{"text":658,"config":659,"footerGa":662},"Jobs",{"href":660,"dataGaName":661,"dataGaLocation":379},"/jobs/","jobs",{"dataGaName":661},{"text":624,"config":664},{"href":626,"dataGaName":627,"dataGaLocation":379},{"text":666,"config":667},"Leadership",{"href":668,"dataGaName":669,"dataGaLocation":379},"/company/team/e-group/","leadership",{"text":671,"config":672},"Handbook",{"href":673,"dataGaName":674,"dataGaLocation":379},"https://handbook.gitlab.com/","handbook",{"text":676,"config":677},"Investor relations",{"href":678,"dataGaName":679,"dataGaLocation":379},"https://ir.gitlab.com/overview/default.aspx","investor relations",{"text":681,"config":682},"Trust Center",{"href":683,"dataGaName":684,"dataGaLocation":379},"/security/","trust center",{"text":686,"config":687},"AI Transparency Center",{"href":688,"dataGaName":689,"dataGaLocation":379},"/ai-transparency-center/","ai transparency center",{"text":691,"config":692},"Newsletter",{"href":693,"dataGaName":694,"dataGaLocation":379},"/company/contact/#contact-forms","newsletter",{"text":696,"config":697},"Press",{"href":698,"dataGaName":699,"dataGaLocation":379},"/press/","press",{"text":701,"config":702,"menu":703},"Contact us",{"dataNavLevelOne":647},{"type":430,"columns":704},[705],{"items":706},[707,712,717],{"text":708,"config":709},"Talk to sales",{"href":710,"dataGaName":711,"dataGaLocation":379},"/sales/","talk to sales",{"text":713,"config":714},"Support portal",{"href":715,"dataGaName":716,"dataGaLocation":379},"https://support.gitlab.com/hc/en-us","support portal",{"text":718,"config":719},"Customer portal",{"href":720,"dataGaName":721,"dataGaLocation":379},"https://customers.gitlab.com/customers/sign_in/","customer portal",{"close":723,"login":724,"suggestions":731},"Close",{"text":725,"link":726},"To search repositories and projects, login to",{"text":727,"config":728},"gitlab.com",{"href":393,"dataGaName":729,"dataGaLocation":730},"search login","search",{"text":732,"default":733},"Suggestions",[734,736,740,742,746,750],{"text":410,"config":735},{"href":415,"dataGaName":410,"dataGaLocation":730},{"text":737,"config":738},"Code Suggestions (AI)",{"href":739,"dataGaName":737,"dataGaLocation":730},"/solutions/code-suggestions/",{"text":446,"config":741},{"href":448,"dataGaName":446,"dataGaLocation":730},{"text":743,"config":744},"GitLab on AWS",{"href":745,"dataGaName":743,"dataGaLocation":730},"/partners/technology-partners/aws/",{"text":747,"config":748},"GitLab on Google Cloud",{"href":749,"dataGaName":747,"dataGaLocation":730},"/partners/technology-partners/google-cloud-platform/",{"text":751,"config":752},"Why GitLab?",{"href":423,"dataGaName":751,"dataGaLocation":730},{"freeTrial":754,"mobileIcon":759,"desktopIcon":764,"secondaryButton":767},{"text":755,"config":756},"Start free trial",{"href":757,"dataGaName":384,"dataGaLocation":758},"https://gitlab.com/-/trials/new/","nav",{"altText":760,"config":761},"Gitlab Icon",{"src":762,"dataGaName":763,"dataGaLocation":758},"https://res.cloudinary.com/about-gitlab-com/image/upload/v1758203874/jypbw1jx72aexsoohd7x.svg","gitlab icon",{"altText":760,"config":765},{"src":766,"dataGaName":763,"dataGaLocation":758},"https://res.cloudinary.com/about-gitlab-com/image/upload/v1758203875/gs4c8p8opsgvflgkswz9.svg",{"text":768,"config":769},"Get Started",{"href":770,"dataGaName":771,"dataGaLocation":758},"https://gitlab.com/-/trial_registrations/new?glm_source=about.gitlab.com/get-started/","get started",{"freeTrial":773,"mobileIcon":777,"desktopIcon":779},{"text":774,"config":775},"Learn more about GitLab Duo",{"href":415,"dataGaName":776,"dataGaLocation":758},"gitlab duo",{"altText":760,"config":778},{"src":762,"dataGaName":763,"dataGaLocation":758},{"altText":760,"config":780},{"src":766,"dataGaName":763,"dataGaLocation":758},{"button":782,"mobileIcon":787,"desktopIcon":789},{"text":783,"config":784},"/switch",{"href":785,"dataGaName":786,"dataGaLocation":758},"#contact","switch",{"altText":760,"config":788},{"src":762,"dataGaName":763,"dataGaLocation":758},{"altText":760,"config":790},{"src":791,"dataGaName":763,"dataGaLocation":758},"https://res.cloudinary.com/about-gitlab-com/image/upload/v1773335277/ohhpiuoxoldryzrnhfrh.png",{"freeTrial":793,"mobileIcon":798,"desktopIcon":800},{"text":794,"config":795},"Back to pricing",{"href":528,"dataGaName":796,"dataGaLocation":758,"icon":797},"back to pricing","GoBack",{"altText":760,"config":799},{"src":762,"dataGaName":763,"dataGaLocation":758},{"altText":760,"config":801},{"src":766,"dataGaName":763,"dataGaLocation":758},{"title":803,"titleMobile":804,"button":805,"config":810},"Duo Agent Platform delivers 400% ROI, per new Forrester Consulting study.","400% ROI: Forrester TEI for GitLab Duo",{"text":421,"config":806},{"href":807,"dataGaName":808,"dataGaLocation":809},"https://about.gitlab.com/blog/gitlab-duo-agent-platform-delivers-400-percent-roi/","forrester-tei-dap-banner","global-banner",{"layout":811,"disabled":359},"release",{"data":813},{"text":814,"source":815,"edit":821,"contribute":826,"config":831,"items":836,"minimal":1046},"Git is a trademark of Software Freedom Conservancy and our use of 'GitLab' is under license",{"text":816,"config":817},"View page source",{"href":818,"dataGaName":819,"dataGaLocation":820},"https://gitlab.com/gitlab-com/marketing/digital-experience/about-gitlab-com/","page source","footer",{"text":822,"config":823},"Edit this page",{"href":824,"dataGaName":825,"dataGaLocation":820},"https://gitlab.com/gitlab-com/marketing/digital-experience/about-gitlab-com/-/blob/main/content/","web ide",{"text":827,"config":828},"Please contribute",{"href":829,"dataGaName":830,"dataGaLocation":820},"https://gitlab.com/gitlab-com/marketing/digital-experience/about-gitlab-com/-/blob/main/CONTRIBUTING.md/","please contribute",{"twitter":832,"facebook":833,"youtube":834,"linkedin":835},"https://twitter.com/gitlab","https://www.facebook.com/gitlab","https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCnMGQ8QHMAnVIsI3xJrihhg","https://www.linkedin.com/company/gitlab-com",[837,884,938,982,1014],{"title":526,"links":838,"subMenu":853},[839,843,848],{"text":840,"config":841},"View plans",{"href":528,"dataGaName":842,"dataGaLocation":820},"view plans",{"text":844,"config":845},"Why Premium?",{"href":846,"dataGaName":847,"dataGaLocation":820},"/pricing/premium/","why premium",{"text":849,"config":850},"Why Ultimate?",{"href":851,"dataGaName":852,"dataGaLocation":820},"/pricing/ultimate/","why ultimate",[854],{"title":855,"links":856},"Contact Us",[857,860,862,864,869,874,879],{"text":858,"config":859},"Contact sales",{"href":710,"dataGaName":389,"dataGaLocation":820},{"text":713,"config":861},{"href":715,"dataGaName":716,"dataGaLocation":820},{"text":718,"config":863},{"href":720,"dataGaName":721,"dataGaLocation":820},{"text":865,"config":866},"Status",{"href":867,"dataGaName":868,"dataGaLocation":820},"https://status.gitlab.com/","status",{"text":870,"config":871},"Terms of use",{"href":872,"dataGaName":873,"dataGaLocation":820},"/terms/","terms of use",{"text":875,"config":876},"Privacy statement",{"href":877,"dataGaName":878,"dataGaLocation":820},"/privacy/","privacy statement",{"text":880,"config":881},"Cookie preferences",{"dataGaName":882,"dataGaLocation":820,"id":883,"isOneTrustButton":362},"cookie preferences","ot-sdk-btn",{"title":426,"links":885,"subMenu":894},[886,890],{"text":887,"config":888},"DevSecOps platform",{"href":408,"dataGaName":889,"dataGaLocation":820},"devsecops platform",{"text":891,"config":892},"AI-Assisted Development",{"href":415,"dataGaName":893,"dataGaLocation":820},"ai-assisted development",[895],{"title":896,"links":897},"Topics",[898,903,908,913,918,923,928,933],{"text":899,"config":900},"CICD",{"href":901,"dataGaName":902,"dataGaLocation":820},"/topics/ci-cd/","cicd",{"text":904,"config":905},"GitOps",{"href":906,"dataGaName":907,"dataGaLocation":820},"/topics/gitops/","gitops",{"text":909,"config":910},"DevOps",{"href":911,"dataGaName":912,"dataGaLocation":820},"/topics/devops/","devops",{"text":914,"config":915},"Version Control",{"href":916,"dataGaName":917,"dataGaLocation":820},"/topics/version-control/","version control",{"text":919,"config":920},"DevSecOps",{"href":921,"dataGaName":922,"dataGaLocation":820},"/topics/devsecops/","devsecops",{"text":924,"config":925},"Cloud Native",{"href":926,"dataGaName":927,"dataGaLocation":820},"/topics/cloud-native/","cloud native",{"text":929,"config":930},"AI for Coding",{"href":931,"dataGaName":932,"dataGaLocation":820},"/topics/devops/ai-for-coding/","ai for coding",{"text":934,"config":935},"Agentic AI",{"href":936,"dataGaName":937,"dataGaLocation":820},"/topics/agentic-ai/","agentic ai",{"title":939,"links":940},"Solutions",[941,943,945,950,954,957,961,964,966,969,972,977],{"text":470,"config":942},{"href":465,"dataGaName":470,"dataGaLocation":820},{"text":459,"config":944},{"href":442,"dataGaName":443,"dataGaLocation":820},{"text":946,"config":947},"Agile development",{"href":948,"dataGaName":949,"dataGaLocation":820},"/solutions/agile-delivery/","agile delivery",{"text":951,"config":952},"SCM",{"href":455,"dataGaName":953,"dataGaLocation":820},"source code management",{"text":899,"config":955},{"href":448,"dataGaName":956,"dataGaLocation":820},"continuous integration & delivery",{"text":958,"config":959},"Value stream management",{"href":498,"dataGaName":960,"dataGaLocation":820},"value stream management",{"text":904,"config":962},{"href":963,"dataGaName":907,"dataGaLocation":820},"/solutions/gitops/",{"text":508,"config":965},{"href":511,"dataGaName":512,"dataGaLocation":820},{"text":967,"config":968},"Small business",{"href":517,"dataGaName":518,"dataGaLocation":820},{"text":970,"config":971},"Public sector",{"href":523,"dataGaName":524,"dataGaLocation":820},{"text":973,"config":974},"Education",{"href":975,"dataGaName":976,"dataGaLocation":820},"/solutions/education/","education",{"text":978,"config":979},"Financial services",{"href":980,"dataGaName":981,"dataGaLocation":820},"/solutions/finance/","financial services",{"title":531,"links":983},[984,986,988,990,993,995,998,1000,1002,1004,1006,1008,1010,1012],{"text":544,"config":985},{"href":546,"dataGaName":547,"dataGaLocation":820},{"text":549,"config":987},{"href":551,"dataGaName":552,"dataGaLocation":820},{"text":554,"config":989},{"href":556,"dataGaName":557,"dataGaLocation":820},{"text":559,"config":991},{"href":561,"dataGaName":992,"dataGaLocation":820},"docs",{"text":582,"config":994},{"href":584,"dataGaName":585,"dataGaLocation":820},{"text":996,"config":997},"What's new",{"href":642,"dataGaName":643,"dataGaLocation":820},{"text":577,"config":999},{"href":579,"dataGaName":580,"dataGaLocation":820},{"text":596,"config":1001},{"href":598,"dataGaName":599,"dataGaLocation":820},{"text":604,"config":1003},{"href":606,"dataGaName":607,"dataGaLocation":820},{"text":609,"config":1005},{"href":611,"dataGaName":612,"dataGaLocation":820},{"text":614,"config":1007},{"href":616,"dataGaName":617,"dataGaLocation":820},{"text":619,"config":1009},{"href":621,"dataGaName":622,"dataGaLocation":820},{"text":624,"config":1011},{"href":626,"dataGaName":627,"dataGaLocation":820},{"text":629,"config":1013},{"href":631,"dataGaName":632,"dataGaLocation":820},{"title":645,"links":1015},[1016,1018,1020,1022,1024,1026,1030,1035,1037,1039,1041],{"text":653,"config":1017},{"href":655,"dataGaName":647,"dataGaLocation":820},{"text":658,"config":1019},{"href":660,"dataGaName":661,"dataGaLocation":820},{"text":666,"config":1021},{"href":668,"dataGaName":669,"dataGaLocation":820},{"text":671,"config":1023},{"href":673,"dataGaName":674,"dataGaLocation":820},{"text":676,"config":1025},{"href":678,"dataGaName":679,"dataGaLocation":820},{"text":1027,"config":1028},"Sustainability",{"href":1029,"dataGaName":1027,"dataGaLocation":820},"/sustainability/",{"text":1031,"config":1032},"Diversity, inclusion and belonging (DIB)",{"href":1033,"dataGaName":1034,"dataGaLocation":820},"/diversity-inclusion-belonging/","Diversity, inclusion and belonging",{"text":681,"config":1036},{"href":683,"dataGaName":684,"dataGaLocation":820},{"text":691,"config":1038},{"href":693,"dataGaName":694,"dataGaLocation":820},{"text":696,"config":1040},{"href":698,"dataGaName":699,"dataGaLocation":820},{"text":1042,"config":1043},"Modern Slavery Transparency Statement",{"href":1044,"dataGaName":1045,"dataGaLocation":820},"https://handbook.gitlab.com/handbook/legal/modern-slavery-act-transparency-statement/","modern slavery transparency statement",{"items":1047},[1048,1051,1054],{"text":1049,"config":1050},"Terms",{"href":872,"dataGaName":873,"dataGaLocation":820},{"text":1052,"config":1053},"Cookies",{"dataGaName":882,"dataGaLocation":820,"id":883,"isOneTrustButton":362},{"text":1055,"config":1056},"Privacy",{"href":877,"dataGaName":878,"dataGaLocation":820},[1058],{"id":1059,"title":1060,"body":358,"config":1061,"content":1063,"description":358,"extension":1067,"meta":1068,"navigation":362,"path":1069,"seo":1070,"stem":1071,"__hash__":1072},"blogAuthors/en-us/blog/authors/scott-de-jonge.yml","Scott De Jonge",{"template":1062},"BlogAuthor",{"name":7,"config":1064},{"headshot":1065,"ctfId":1066},"https://res.cloudinary.com/about-gitlab-com/image/upload/v1749682764/Blog/Author%20Headshots/sdejonge-headshot.jpg","sdejonge","yml",{},"/en-us/blog/authors/scott-de-jonge",{},"en-us/blog/authors/scott-de-jonge","Nufa6AabQ96YWjldOyjreua-YTE2I0ztox8BtCaH99Y",[1074,1083,1091],{"title":1075,"description":1076,"heroImage":1077,"category":354,"date":1078,"authors":1079,"slug":1082,"externalUrl":358},"Confidential AI for GitLab Self-Hosted","Give developers AI coding agents in GitLab Duo without source code leaving a hardware-encrypted boundary — no GPUs needed.","https://res.cloudinary.com/about-gitlab-com/image/upload/v1773866173/vte9qh8rriznvyclhkes.png","2026-08-06",[1080,1081],"Mathias Ewald","Martin Paloncy, Edgeless Systems","confidential-ai-for-gitlab-self-hosted",{"title":1084,"description":1085,"heroImage":1086,"category":354,"date":1087,"authors":1088,"slug":1090,"externalUrl":358},"Green DevOps: Why carbon measurement belongs in your CI/CD pipeline","CI/CD pipelines have a hidden carbon cost. Here's why measuring it matters, and how you can get started with Eco CI and Carmen in GitLab.","https://res.cloudinary.com/about-gitlab-com/image/upload/v1765809212/noh0mdfn9o94ry9ykura.png","2026-07-09",[1089],"Lysanne Pinto","green-devops-carbon-measurement-cicd-pipeline",{"title":1092,"description":1093,"heroImage":1094,"category":354,"date":1095,"authors":1096,"slug":1098,"externalUrl":358},"How to build CI/CD observability at scale","This practical guide to GitLab pipeline analytics helps self-managed users gain operational insights using Prometheus and Grafana.","https://res.cloudinary.com/about-gitlab-com/image/upload/v1774465167/n5hlvrsrheadeccyr1oz.png","2026-04-28",[1097],"Paul Meresanu","how-to-build-ci-cd-observability-at-scale",{"promotions":1100},[1101,1115,1126,1138],{"id":1102,"categories":1103,"header":1105,"text":1106,"button":1107,"image":1112},"ai-modernization",[1104],"ai","Is AI achieving its promise at scale?","Quiz will take 5 minutes or less",{"text":1108,"config":1109},"Get your AI maturity score",{"href":1110,"dataGaName":1111,"dataGaLocation":585},"/assessments/ai-modernization-assessment/","modernization assessment",{"config":1113},{"src":1114},"https://res.cloudinary.com/about-gitlab-com/image/upload/v1772138786/qix0m7kwnd8x2fh1zq49.png",{"id":1116,"categories":1117,"header":1118,"text":1106,"button":1119,"image":1123},"devops-modernization",[371,922],"Are you just managing tools or shipping innovation?",{"text":1120,"config":1121},"Get your DevOps maturity score",{"href":1122,"dataGaName":1111,"dataGaLocation":585},"/assessments/devops-modernization-assessment/",{"config":1124},{"src":1125},"https://res.cloudinary.com/about-gitlab-com/image/upload/v1772138785/eg818fmakweyuznttgid.png",{"id":1127,"categories":1128,"header":1130,"text":1106,"button":1131,"image":1135},"security-modernization",[1129],"security","Are you trading speed for security?",{"text":1132,"config":1133},"Get your security maturity score",{"href":1134,"dataGaName":1111,"dataGaLocation":585},"/assessments/security-modernization-assessment/",{"config":1136},{"src":1137},"https://res.cloudinary.com/about-gitlab-com/image/upload/v1772138786/p4pbqd9nnjejg5ds6mdk.png",{"id":1139,"paths":1140,"header":1143,"text":1144,"button":1145,"image":1150},"github-azure-migration",[1141,1142],"migration-from-azure-devops-to-gitlab","integrating-azure-devops-scm-and-gitlab","Is your team ready for GitHub's Azure move?","GitHub is already rebuilding around Azure. Find out what it means for you.",{"text":1146,"config":1147},"See how GitLab compares to GitHub",{"href":1148,"dataGaName":1149,"dataGaLocation":585},"/compare/gitlab-vs-github/github-azure-migration/","github azure migration",{"config":1151},{"src":1125},{"header":1153,"blurb":1154,"button":1155,"secondaryButton":1160},"Start building faster today","See what your team can do with the intelligent orchestration platform for DevSecOps.\n",{"text":1156,"config":1157},"Get your free trial",{"href":1158,"dataGaName":384,"dataGaLocation":1159},"https://gitlab.com/-/trial_registrations/new?glm_content=default-saas-trial&glm_source=about.gitlab.com/","feature",{"text":858,"config":1161},{"href":710,"dataGaName":389,"dataGaLocation":1159},1786803750281]