[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":1611},["ShallowReactive",2],{"/blog/ios-publishing-with-gitlab-and-fastlane":3,"navigation-en-us":826,"banner-en-us":1252,"footer-en-us":1262,"blog-post-authors-en-us-Jason Yavorska":1507,"blog-related-posts-en-us-ios-publishing-with-gitlab-and-fastlane":1521,"blog-promotions-en-us":1547,"next-steps-en-us":1601},{"id":4,"title":5,"authors":6,"body":8,"category":805,"date":806,"description":807,"extension":808,"externalUrl":809,"faq":809,"featured":810,"heroImage":811,"meta":812,"navigation":405,"path":813,"seo":814,"slug":818,"stem":819,"tags":820,"template":824,"updatedDate":809,"__hash__":825},"blogPosts/en-us/blog/ios-publishing-with-gitlab-and-fastlane.md","How to publish iOS apps to the App Store with GitLab and fastlane",[7],"Jason Yavorska",{"type":9,"value":10,"toc":789},"minimark",[11,24,46,55,60,63,66,71,79,83,86,101,105,120,137,143,147,168,177,190,261,264,270,295,298,306,314,322,325,331,338,366,389,458,465,479,488,496,502,634,659,666,670,673,682,693,699,708,730,734,741,762,774,777,785],[12,13,14],"p",{},[15,16,17,18,23],"em",{},"Note: You may also find the blog post ",[19,20,22],"a",{"href":21},"/blog/ios-cicd-with-gitlab/","Tutorial: iOS CI/CD with GitLab"," from June 2023 helpful.",[12,25,26,27,31,32,39,40,45],{},"Recently we published a ",[19,28,30],{"href":29},"/blog/android-publishing-with-gitlab-and-fastlane/","blog post\ndetailing how to get up and running quickly with your Android app",", GitLab, and\n",[19,33,36],{"href":34,"rel":35},"https://fastlane.tools",[],[15,37,38],{},"fastlane",". In this edition, let's look at how to get\na build of an iOS app up and running, including publishing all the way to\nTestFlight. To see how cool this can be, check out this ",[19,41,44],{"href":42,"rel":43},"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=325FyJt7ZG8",[],"video\nof me making a change on an iPad Pro using the GitLab Web IDE",", getting that\nbuilt, and then receiving an update to the test version of my application on the\nvery same iPad Pro I was using to develop.",[12,47,48,49,54],{},"For the purposes of this article, we'll be using a ",[19,50,53],{"href":51,"rel":52},"https://gitlab.com/jyavorska/flappyokr",[],"simple Swift iOS app","\nthat I recorded the video with.",[56,57,59],"h2",{"id":58},"first-a-note-on-apple-store-configuration","First, a note on Apple Store configuration",[12,61,62],{},"What we're going to need in order to set all of this up is a mobile application set up\nin the App Store, distribution certificates, and a provisioning profile that ties\nit all together.",[12,64,65],{},"Most of the complexity here actually has to do with setting up your signing\nauthority for the App Store. Hopefully in most cases this is already good to go\nfor you; if you're a new app developer, I'll try to get you started on the right\ntrack, but the intricacies of Apple certificate management is out of the scope of\nthis article, and tends to change somewhat frequently. But, this information\nshould get you going.",[67,68,70],"h3",{"id":69},"my-apps","My apps",[12,72,73,74,78],{},"Your application will need to be set up in App Store Connect so you have an ID\nfor your application, which will be used in your ",[75,76,77],"code",{},".xcodebuild"," configuration.\nYour app profile and ID are what tie together the code builds with pricing and\navailability, as well as TestFlight configuration for distributing testing\napplications to your users. Note that you don't need to set up public testing –\nyou can use personal testing with TestFlight just fine as long as your testing\ngroup is small, and the setup is simpler and requires no additional approvals\nfrom Apple.",[67,80,82],{"id":81},"provisioning-profile","Provisioning profile",[12,84,85],{},"In addition to the app setup, you need iOS distribution and development keys\ncreated in the Certificates, Identifiers, and Profiles section of the Apple\nDeveloper console. Once these certificates are created, you can create a\nprovisioning profile to unify everything.",[12,87,88,89,100],{},"Also note that the user you will authenticate with needs to be able to create\ncertificates, so please ensure that they have that ability or you will see an\nerror during the ",[19,90,93,96,97],{"href":91,"rel":92},"https://docs.fastlane.tools/codesigning/getting-started/#using-cert-and-sigh",[],[15,94,95],{},"cert"," and ",[15,98,99],{},"sigh","\nsteps.",[67,102,104],{"id":103},"other-options","Other options",[12,106,107,108,110,111,113,114,119],{},"There are several more ways to set up your certificates and profiles than the\nsimple method I've described above, so if you're doing something different you may\nneed to adapt. The most important thing is that you need your ",[75,109,77],{},"\nconfiguration to point to the appropriate files, and your keychain needs to be\navailable on the build machine for the user that the runner is running as. We're\nusing ",[15,112,38],{}," for signing, so if you run into trouble here or want to learn\nmore about your options, take a look at their extensive ",[19,115,118],{"href":116,"rel":117},"https://docs.fastlane.tools/codesigning/getting-started/",[],"code signing documentation",".",[12,121,122,123,130,131,136],{},"For this sample project, I'm using the ",[19,124,126,96,128],{"href":91,"rel":125},[],[15,127,95],{},[15,129,99],{},"\napproach, but the ",[19,132,135],{"href":133,"rel":134},"https://docs.fastlane.tools/codesigning/getting-started/#using-match",[],"match\napproach"," may be better for actual enterprise use.",[56,138,140,141],{"id":139},"how-to-set-up-gitlab-and-fastlane","How to set up GitLab and ",[15,142,38],{},[67,144,146],{"id":145},"how-to-set-up-your-cicd-runner","How to set up your CI/CD runner",[12,148,149,150,155,156,161,162,167],{},"With the above information gathered or set up, we can start with configuring the\nGitLab runner on a macOS device. Unfortunately, building on macOS is the only\nrealistic way to build iOS apps. This is potentially changing in the future;\nkeep an eye on projects like ",[19,151,154],{"href":152,"rel":153},"https://github.com/facebook/xcbuild",[],"xcbuild"," and\n",[19,157,160],{"href":158,"rel":159},"https://github.com/saucelabs/isign",[],"isign",", as well as our own internal issue\n",[19,163,166],{"href":164,"rel":165},"https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ce/issues/57576",[],"gitlab-ce#57576"," for\ndevelopments in this area.",[12,169,170,171,176],{},"In the meantime, setting up the runner is fairly straightforward. You can follow\nour most current ",[19,172,175],{"href":173,"rel":174},"https://docs.gitlab.com/runner/install/osx/",[],"instructions for setting up GitLab Runner on macOS","\nto get that up and running.",[12,178,179,180,183,184,189],{},"Note: Be sure to set your GitLab runner to use the ",[75,181,182],{},"shell"," executor. For building iOS on\nmacOS, it's a requirement to operate directly as the user on the machine rather\nthan using containers. Note that when you're using the shell executor, the\nbuild and tests run as the identity of the runner logged in user, directly on\nthe build host. This is less secure than using container executors, so please\ntake a look at our ",[19,185,188],{"href":186,"rel":187},"https://docs.gitlab.com/runner/security/#usage-of-shell-executor",[],"security implications documentation","\nfor additional detail on what to keep in mind in this scenario.",[191,192,196],"pre",{"className":193,"code":194,"language":182,"meta":195,"style":195},"language-shell shiki shiki-themes github-light","sudo curl --output /usr/local/bin/gitlab-runner https://gitlab-runner-downloads.s3.amazonaws.com/latest/binaries/gitlab-runner-darwin-amd64\nsudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/gitlab-runner\ncd ~\ngitlab-runner install\ngitlab-runner start\n","",[75,197,198,221,235,244,253],{"__ignoreMap":195},[199,200,203,207,211,215,218],"span",{"class":201,"line":202},"line",1,[199,204,206],{"class":205},"s7eDp","sudo",[199,208,210],{"class":209},"sYBdl"," curl",[199,212,214],{"class":213},"sYu0t"," --output",[199,216,217],{"class":209}," /usr/local/bin/gitlab-runner",[199,219,220],{"class":209}," https://gitlab-runner-downloads.s3.amazonaws.com/latest/binaries/gitlab-runner-darwin-amd64\n",[199,222,224,226,229,232],{"class":201,"line":223},2,[199,225,206],{"class":205},[199,227,228],{"class":209}," chmod",[199,230,231],{"class":209}," +x",[199,233,234],{"class":209}," /usr/local/bin/gitlab-runner\n",[199,236,238,241],{"class":201,"line":237},3,[199,239,240],{"class":213},"cd",[199,242,243],{"class":209}," ~\n",[199,245,247,250],{"class":201,"line":246},4,[199,248,249],{"class":205},"gitlab-runner",[199,251,252],{"class":209}," install\n",[199,254,256,258],{"class":201,"line":255},5,[199,257,249],{"class":205},[199,259,260],{"class":209}," start\n",[12,262,263],{},"What you need to be careful about here is ensuring your Apple keychain is set up\non this host and has access to the keys that Xcode needs in order\nto build. The easiest way to test this is to log in as the user that will be\nrunning the build and try to build manually. You may receive system prompts for\nkeychain access which you need to \"always allow\" for CI/CD to work. You will probably\nalso want to log in and watch your first pipeline or two to make sure that\nno prompts come up for additional keychain access. Unfortunately Apple does not\nmake this super easy to use in unattended mode, but once you have it working it\ntends to stay that way.",[67,265,267,269],{"id":266},"fastlane-init",[15,268,38],{}," init",[12,271,272,273,276,277,280,281,288,289,294],{},"In order to start using ",[15,274,275],{},"fastane"," with your project, you'll need to run\n",[75,278,279],{},"fastlane init",". Simply follow the ",[19,282,285,286],{"href":283,"rel":284},"https://docs.fastlane.tools/getting-started/ios/setup/",[],"instructions\nto install and run ",[15,287,38],{},", being sure to use the instructions in the\n",[19,290,293],{"href":291,"rel":292},"https://docs.fastlane.tools/getting-started/ios/setup/#use-a-gemfile",[],"Use a Gemfile","\nsection, since we do want this to run quickly and predictably via unattended CI.",[12,296,297],{},"From your project directory, you can run the following commands:",[191,299,304],{"className":300,"code":302,"language":303,"meta":195},[301],"language-text","xcode-select --install\nsudo gem install fastlane -NV\n# Alternatively using Homebrew\n# brew cask install fastlane\nfastlane init\n","text",[75,305,302],{"__ignoreMap":195},[12,307,308,310,311,313],{},[15,309,38],{}," will ask you for some basic configuration and then create a project folder\ncalled ",[75,312,38],{}," in your project which will contain three files:",[315,316,318,319],"h4",{"id":317},"_1-fastlaneappfile","1. ",[75,320,321],{},"fastlane/Appfile",[12,323,324],{},"This file is straightforward, so you just want to check to make sure that the Apple\nID and app ID that you set up earlier are correct.",[191,326,329],{"className":327,"code":328,"language":303,"meta":195},[301],"app_identifier(\"com.vontrance.flappybird\") # The bundle identifier of your app\napple_id(\"your-email@your-domain.com\") # Your Apple email address\n",[75,330,328],{"__ignoreMap":195},[315,332,334,335],{"id":333},"_2-fastlanefastfile","2. ",[75,336,337],{},"fastlane/Fastfile",[12,339,340,341,344,345,347,348,351,352,355,356,359,360,363,364,119],{},"The ",[75,342,343],{},"Fastfile"," defines the build steps. Since we're using a lot of the built-in\ncapability of ",[15,346,38],{}," this is really straightforward. We create a single\nlane which gets certificates, builds, and uploads the new build to TestFlight.\nOf course, you may want to split these out into different jobs depending on your\nuse case. Each of these steps, ",[75,349,350],{},"get_certificates",", ",[75,353,354],{},"get_provisioning_profile",",\n",[75,357,358],{},"gym",", and ",[75,361,362],{},"upload_to_testflight"," are pre-bundled actions already included with\n",[15,365,38],{},[12,367,368,96,370,372,373,380,381,383,384,388],{},[75,369,350],{},[75,371,354],{}," are actions associated with\nthe ",[19,374,376,96,378],{"href":91,"rel":375},[],[15,377,95],{},[15,379,99],{},"\napproach to code signing; if you're using ",[15,382,38],{}," ",[19,385,387],{"href":133,"rel":386},[],"match","\nor some other approach you may need to update these.",[191,390,394],{"className":391,"code":392,"language":393,"meta":195,"style":195},"language-yaml shiki shiki-themes github-light","default_platform(:ios)\n\nplatform :ios do\n  desc \"Build the application\"\n  lane :flappybuild do\n    get_certificates\n    get_provisioning_profile\n    gym\n    upload_to_testflight\n  end\nend\n","yaml",[75,395,396,401,407,412,417,422,428,434,440,446,452],{"__ignoreMap":195},[199,397,398],{"class":201,"line":202},[199,399,400],{"class":209},"default_platform(:ios)\n",[199,402,403],{"class":201,"line":223},[199,404,406],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":405},true,"\n",[199,408,409],{"class":201,"line":237},[199,410,411],{"class":209},"platform :ios do\n",[199,413,414],{"class":201,"line":246},[199,415,416],{"class":209},"  desc \"Build the application\"\n",[199,418,419],{"class":201,"line":255},[199,420,421],{"class":209},"  lane :flappybuild do\n",[199,423,425],{"class":201,"line":424},6,[199,426,427],{"class":209},"    get_certificates\n",[199,429,431],{"class":201,"line":430},7,[199,432,433],{"class":209},"    get_provisioning_profile\n",[199,435,437],{"class":201,"line":436},8,[199,438,439],{"class":209},"    gym\n",[199,441,443],{"class":201,"line":442},9,[199,444,445],{"class":209},"    upload_to_testflight\n",[199,447,449],{"class":201,"line":448},10,[199,450,451],{"class":209},"  end\n",[199,453,455],{"class":201,"line":454},11,[199,456,457],{"class":209},"end\n",[315,459,461,462],{"id":460},"_3-fastlanegymfile","3. ",[75,463,464],{},"fastlane/Gymfile",[12,466,467,468,470,471,473,474,119],{},"This ",[75,469,358],{}," file is optional, but I created it manually in order to override the default\noutput directory and place the output in the current folder. This makes things a\nbit easier for CI. You can read more about ",[75,472,358],{}," and its options in the\n",[19,475,478],{"href":476,"rel":477},"https://docs.fastlane.tools/actions/gym/",[],"gym documentation",[191,480,482],{"className":391,"code":481,"language":393,"meta":195,"style":195},"output_directory(\"./\")\n",[75,483,484],{"__ignoreMap":195},[199,485,486],{"class":201,"line":202},[199,487,481],{"class":209},[67,489,491,492,495],{"id":490},"our-gitlab-ciyml-configuration-file","Our ",[75,493,494],{},".gitlab-ci.yml"," configuration file",[12,497,498,499,501],{},"Now, we have a CI/CD runner associated with our project so we're ready to try a\npipeline. Let's see what's in our ",[75,500,494],{}," file:",[191,503,505],{"className":391,"code":504,"language":393,"meta":195,"style":195},"stages:\n  - build\n\nvariables:\n  LC_ALL: \"en_US.UTF-8\"\n  LANG: \"en_US.UTF-8\"\n  GIT_STRATEGY: clone\n\nbuild:\n  stage: build\n  script:\n    - bundle install\n    - bundle exec fastlane flappybuild\n  artifacts:\n    paths:\n    - ./FlappyBird.ipa\n\n",[75,506,507,517,525,529,536,547,556,566,570,577,586,593,602,610,618,626],{"__ignoreMap":195},[199,508,509,513],{"class":201,"line":202},[199,510,512],{"class":511},"shJU0","stages",[199,514,516],{"class":515},"sgsFI",":\n",[199,518,519,522],{"class":201,"line":223},[199,520,521],{"class":515},"  - ",[199,523,524],{"class":209},"build\n",[199,526,527],{"class":201,"line":237},[199,528,406],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":405},[199,530,531,534],{"class":201,"line":246},[199,532,533],{"class":511},"variables",[199,535,516],{"class":515},[199,537,538,541,544],{"class":201,"line":255},[199,539,540],{"class":511},"  LC_ALL",[199,542,543],{"class":515},": ",[199,545,546],{"class":209},"\"en_US.UTF-8\"\n",[199,548,549,552,554],{"class":201,"line":424},[199,550,551],{"class":511},"  LANG",[199,553,543],{"class":515},[199,555,546],{"class":209},[199,557,558,561,563],{"class":201,"line":430},[199,559,560],{"class":511},"  GIT_STRATEGY",[199,562,543],{"class":515},[199,564,565],{"class":209},"clone\n",[199,567,568],{"class":201,"line":436},[199,569,406],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":405},[199,571,572,575],{"class":201,"line":442},[199,573,574],{"class":511},"build",[199,576,516],{"class":515},[199,578,579,582,584],{"class":201,"line":448},[199,580,581],{"class":511},"  stage",[199,583,543],{"class":515},[199,585,524],{"class":209},[199,587,588,591],{"class":201,"line":454},[199,589,590],{"class":511},"  script",[199,592,516],{"class":515},[199,594,596,599],{"class":201,"line":595},12,[199,597,598],{"class":515},"    - ",[199,600,601],{"class":209},"bundle install\n",[199,603,605,607],{"class":201,"line":604},13,[199,606,598],{"class":515},[199,608,609],{"class":209},"bundle exec fastlane flappybuild\n",[199,611,613,616],{"class":201,"line":612},14,[199,614,615],{"class":511},"  artifacts",[199,617,516],{"class":515},[199,619,621,624],{"class":201,"line":620},15,[199,622,623],{"class":511},"    paths",[199,625,516],{"class":515},[199,627,629,631],{"class":201,"line":628},16,[199,630,598],{"class":515},[199,632,633],{"class":209},"./FlappyBird.ipa\n",[12,635,636,637,645,646,649,650,652,653,383,656,658],{},"Yes, that's really it! ",[19,638,641,642,644],{"href":639,"rel":640},"https://docs.fastlane.tools/getting-started/ios/setup/#set-up-environment-variables",[],"We set UTF-8 locale for ",[15,643,38],{}," per their\nrequirements",",\nuse a ",[75,647,648],{},"clone"," strategy with the ",[75,651,182],{}," executor to ensure we have a clean\nworkspace each build, and then simply call our ",[75,654,655],{},"flappybuild",[15,657,38],{}," target,\nwhich we discussed above. This will build, sign, and deploy the latest build to\nTestFlight.",[12,660,661,662,665],{},"We also gather the artifact and save it with the build – note that the ",[75,663,664],{},".ipa","\nformat output is a signed ARM executable, so not something you can run in the\nsimulator. If you wanted a simulator output to be saved with the build, you\nwould simply add a build target that produces it and then add it to the artifact\npath.",[67,667,669],{"id":668},"other-environment-variables","Other environment variables",[12,671,672],{},"There are some special environment variables behind the scenes here that are\nmaking this work.",[315,674,676,96,679],{"id":675},"fastlane_apple_application_specific_password-and-fastlane_session",[75,677,678],{},"FASTLANE_APPLE_APPLICATION_SPECIFIC_PASSWORD",[75,680,681],{},"FASTLANE_SESSION",[12,683,684,685,687,688,119],{},"In order to authenticate against the App Store for the TestFlight upload,\n",[15,686,38],{}," must be able to authenticate. In order to do this, you need to\ncreate an app-specific password to be used by CI. You can read more about this\nprocess in ",[19,689,692],{"href":690,"rel":691},"https://docs.fastlane.tools/best-practices/continuous-integration/#use-of-application-specific-passwords-and-spaceauth",[],"this documentation",[12,694,695,696,698],{},"If you're using two-factor authentication, you'll also need to generate the\n",[75,697,681],{}," variable – instructions are in the same place.",[315,700,702,96,705],{"id":701},"fastlane_user-and-fastlane_password",[75,703,704],{},"FASTLANE_USER",[75,706,707],{},"FASTLANE_PASSWORD",[12,709,710,711,718,719,96,721,723,724,729],{},"In order for ",[19,712,714,96,716],{"href":91,"rel":713},[],[15,715,95],{},[15,717,99],{},"\nto be able to fetch the provisioning profile and certificates on demand, the\n",[75,720,704],{},[75,722,707],{}," variables must be set. You can read more\nabout this ",[19,725,728],{"href":726,"rel":727},"https://docs.fastlane.tools/best-practices/continuous-integration/#environment-variables-to-set",[],"here",".\nYou may not need these if you are using some other approach to signing.",[56,731,733],{"id":732},"in-closing","In closing...",[12,735,736,737,119],{},"Remember, you can see a working project with all of this set up by heading over\nto my ",[19,738,740],{"href":51,"rel":739},[],"simple demo app",[12,742,743,744,749,750,752,753,756,757,119],{},"Hopefully this has been helpful and has inspired you to get iOS builds and\npublishing working within your GitLab project. There is some good additional\n",[19,745,748],{"href":746,"rel":747},"https://docs.fastlane.tools/best-practices/continuous-integration/",[],"CI/CD best-practice","\ndocumentation for ",[15,751,38],{}," if you get stuck anywhere,\nand you could also consider using the ",[75,754,755],{},"CI_BUILD_ID"," (which increments each build)\nto ",[19,758,761],{"href":759,"rel":760},"https://docs.fastlane.tools/best-practices/continuous-integration/gitlab/#auto-incremented-build-number",[],"automatically increment a version",[12,763,764,765,767,768,773],{},"Another great capability of ",[15,766,38],{}," to try is the ability to\n",[19,769,772],{"href":770,"rel":771},"https://docs.fastlane.tools/getting-started/ios/screenshots/",[],"automatically generate screenshots","\nfor the App Store – it's just as easy to set up as the rest of this has been.",[12,775,776],{},"We'd love to hear in the comments how this is working for you, as well as your\nideas for how we can make GitLab a better place to do 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