[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":1435},["ShallowReactive",2],{"/blog/migrate-from-pipeline-variables-to-pipeline-inputs-for-better-security":3,"navigation-en-us":652,"banner-en-us":1079,"footer-en-us":1089,"blog-post-authors-en-us-Fabio Pitino":1333,"blog-related-posts-en-us-migrate-from-pipeline-variables-to-pipeline-inputs-for-better-security":1348,"blog-promotions-en-us":1372,"next-steps-en-us":1425},{"id":4,"title":5,"authors":6,"body":8,"category":634,"date":635,"description":636,"extension":637,"externalUrl":638,"faq":638,"featured":99,"heroImage":639,"meta":640,"navigation":99,"path":641,"seo":642,"slug":646,"stem":647,"tags":648,"template":650,"updatedDate":638,"__hash__":651},"blogPosts/en-us/blog/migrate-from-pipeline-variables-to-pipeline-inputs-for-better-security.md","Migrate from pipeline variables to pipeline inputs for better security",[7],"Fabio Pitino",{"type":9,"value":10,"toc":622},"minimark",[11,21,30,35,44,78,83,301,310,314,323,333,336,375,388,397,401,405,414,432,435,439,442,447,455,460,466,470,491,494,594,598,601,604,607,618],[12,13,14,20],"p",{},[15,16,19],"a",{"href":17,"rel":18},"https://docs.gitlab.com/ci/variables/#use-pipeline-variables",[],"Pipeline\nvariables","\nhave long been a convenient way to customize GitLab CI/CD pipelines at\nruntime. However, as CI/CD security best practices have evolved, we've\nrecognized the need for stronger controls around pipeline customization.\nUnrestricted pipeline variables allow any users with pipeline trigger\npermissions to override values without validation or type checking.",[12,22,23,24,29],{},"Beyond security considerations, pipeline variables lack proper documentation and explicit declaration, making it difficult to understand what inputs are expected and how they're used throughout your pipeline. This can lead to maintenance challenges and make it harder to establish proper governance over your ",[15,25,28],{"href":26,"rel":27},"https://about.gitlab.com/topics/ci-cd/",[],"CI/CD"," processes.",[31,32,34],"h2",{"id":33},"enter-pipeline-inputs","Enter pipeline inputs",[12,36,37,38,43],{},"Instead of relying on pipeline variables, we strongly recommend using GitLab's ",[15,39,42],{"href":40,"rel":41},"https://docs.gitlab.com/ci/inputs/#for-a-pipeline",[],"pipeline inputs"," feature. Pipeline inputs provide:",[45,46,47,60,66,72],"ul",{},[48,49,50,54,55,59],"li",{},[51,52,53],"strong",{},"Explicit declaration",": Inputs must be explicitly declared in your ",[56,57,58],"code",{},".gitlab-ci.yml"," and are self-documented.",[48,61,62,65],{},[51,63,64],{},"Type safety",": Support for different input types (string, boolean, number, array)",[48,67,68,71],{},[51,69,70],{},"Built-in validation",": Automatic validation of input values",[48,73,74,77],{},[51,75,76],{},"Better security",": No risk of variable injection attacks — only the declared inputs can be passed from the outside",[79,80,82],"h3",{"id":81},"basic-example","Basic example",[84,85,90],"pre",{"className":86,"code":87,"language":88,"meta":89,"style":89},"language-yaml shiki shiki-themes github-light","\nspec:\n  inputs:\n    deployment_env:\n      description: \"Target deployment environment\"\n      type: string\n      options: [\"staging\", \"production\"]\n      default: \"staging\"\n    enable_tests:\n      description: \"Run test suite\"\n      type: boolean\n      default: true\n--- test:\n  script:\n    - echo \"Running tests\"\n  rules:\n    - if: '\"$[[ inputs.enable_tests ]]\" == \"true\"'\n\ndeploy:\n  script:\n    - echo \"Deploying to $[[ inputs.deployment_env ]]\"\n","yaml","",[56,91,92,101,112,120,128,141,152,173,184,192,202,212,223,235,243,252,260,273,278,286,293],{"__ignoreMap":89},[93,94,97],"span",{"class":95,"line":96},"line",1,[93,98,100],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":99},true,"\n",[93,102,104,108],{"class":95,"line":103},2,[93,105,107],{"class":106},"shJU0","spec",[93,109,111],{"class":110},"sgsFI",":\n",[93,113,115,118],{"class":95,"line":114},3,[93,116,117],{"class":106},"  inputs",[93,119,111],{"class":110},[93,121,123,126],{"class":95,"line":122},4,[93,124,125],{"class":106},"    deployment_env",[93,127,111],{"class":110},[93,129,131,134,137],{"class":95,"line":130},5,[93,132,133],{"class":106},"      description",[93,135,136],{"class":110},": ",[93,138,140],{"class":139},"sYBdl","\"Target deployment environment\"\n",[93,142,144,147,149],{"class":95,"line":143},6,[93,145,146],{"class":106},"      type",[93,148,136],{"class":110},[93,150,151],{"class":139},"string\n",[93,153,155,158,161,164,167,170],{"class":95,"line":154},7,[93,156,157],{"class":106},"      options",[93,159,160],{"class":110},": [",[93,162,163],{"class":139},"\"staging\"",[93,165,166],{"class":110},", ",[93,168,169],{"class":139},"\"production\"",[93,171,172],{"class":110},"]\n",[93,174,176,179,181],{"class":95,"line":175},8,[93,177,178],{"class":106},"      default",[93,180,136],{"class":110},[93,182,183],{"class":139},"\"staging\"\n",[93,185,187,190],{"class":95,"line":186},9,[93,188,189],{"class":106},"    enable_tests",[93,191,111],{"class":110},[93,193,195,197,199],{"class":95,"line":194},10,[93,196,133],{"class":106},[93,198,136],{"class":110},[93,200,201],{"class":139},"\"Run test suite\"\n",[93,203,205,207,209],{"class":95,"line":204},11,[93,206,146],{"class":106},[93,208,136],{"class":110},[93,210,211],{"class":139},"boolean\n",[93,213,215,217,219],{"class":95,"line":214},12,[93,216,178],{"class":106},[93,218,136],{"class":110},[93,220,222],{"class":221},"sYu0t","true\n",[93,224,226,230,233],{"class":95,"line":225},13,[93,227,229],{"class":228},"s7eDp","---",[93,231,232],{"class":106}," test",[93,234,111],{"class":110},[93,236,238,241],{"class":95,"line":237},14,[93,239,240],{"class":106},"  script",[93,242,111],{"class":110},[93,244,246,249],{"class":95,"line":245},15,[93,247,248],{"class":110},"    - ",[93,250,251],{"class":139},"echo \"Running tests\"\n",[93,253,255,258],{"class":95,"line":254},16,[93,256,257],{"class":106},"  rules",[93,259,111],{"class":110},[93,261,263,265,268,270],{"class":95,"line":262},17,[93,264,248],{"class":110},[93,266,267],{"class":106},"if",[93,269,136],{"class":110},[93,271,272],{"class":139},"'\"$[[ inputs.enable_tests ]]\" == \"true\"'\n",[93,274,276],{"class":95,"line":275},18,[93,277,100],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":99},[93,279,281,284],{"class":95,"line":280},19,[93,282,283],{"class":106},"deploy",[93,285,111],{"class":110},[93,287,289,291],{"class":95,"line":288},20,[93,290,240],{"class":106},[93,292,111],{"class":110},[93,294,296,298],{"class":95,"line":295},21,[93,297,248],{"class":110},[93,299,300],{"class":139},"echo \"Deploying to $[[ inputs.deployment_env ]]\"\n",[12,302,303,304,309],{},"Learn more about how CI/CD inputs provide type-safe parameter passing with validation in this ",[15,305,308],{"href":306,"rel":307},"https://about.gitlab.com/blog/ci-cd-inputs-secure-and-preferred-method-to-pass-parameters-to-a-pipeline/",[],"tutorial",".",[31,311,313],{"id":312},"restrict-pipeline-variables","Restrict pipeline variables",[12,315,316,317,322],{},"To effectively move to pipeline inputs and away from pipeline variables, you should configure the ",[15,318,321],{"href":319,"rel":320},"https://docs.gitlab.com/ci/variables/#restrict-pipeline-variables",[],"\"Minimum role to use pipeline variables\""," setting. This setting provides fine-grained control over which role can use pipeline variables when triggering pipelines.",[12,324,325,328,329,332],{},[51,326,327],{},"At the project level:"," Navigate to your project's ",[51,330,331],{},"Settings > CI/CD > Variables > Minimum role to use pipeline variables"," to configure the setting.",[12,334,335],{},"Available options are:",[45,337,338,348,357,366],{},[48,339,340,343,344,347],{},[51,341,342],{},"No one allowed"," (",[56,345,346],{},"no_one_allowed",") - Recommended and most secure option. Prevents all variable overrides.",[48,349,350,343,353,356],{},[51,351,352],{},"Developer",[56,354,355],{},"developer",") - Allows developers and above to override variables",[48,358,359,343,362,365],{},[51,360,361],{},"Maintainer",[56,363,364],{},"maintainer",") - Requires maintainer role or higher",[48,367,368,343,371,374],{},[51,369,370],{},"Owner",[56,372,373],{},"owner",") - Only project owners can override variables",[12,376,377,380,381,384,385,387],{},[51,378,379],{},"At the group level:"," Group maintainers can go to ",[51,382,383],{},"Settings > CI/CD > Variables > Default role to use pipeline variables"," to establish secure defaults for all new projects within their group, ensuring consistent security policies across your organization. Here we recommend again to use ",[51,386,342],{}," as default value — this way, new projects in this group are created with a secure default setting. Note that this still allows project owners to change the setting.",[12,389,390,391,396],{},"When pipeline variables are restricted completely (with “No one allowed”), the ",[15,392,395],{"href":393,"rel":394},"https://docs.gitlab.com/ci/pipelines/#prefill-variables-in-manual-pipelines",[],"prefilled variables"," won’t appear in the \"New Pipeline UI\" form.",[31,398,400],{"id":399},"how-to-migrate-from-pipeline-variables","How to migrate from pipeline variables",[79,402,404],{"id":403},"close-the-gaps","Close the gaps",[12,406,407,408,413],{},"Your group may have projects that have pipeline variables enabled by default despite never having used them when triggering a pipeline. These projects can be migrated to the more secure setting without a risk of interruption. GitLab ",[15,409,412],{"href":410,"rel":411},"https://docs.gitlab.com/ci/variables/#enable-pipeline-variable-restriction-for-multiple-projects",[],"provides migration functionality"," via group settings:",[45,415,416,422],{},[48,417,418,419],{},"Go to ",[51,420,421],{},"Settings > CI/CD > Variables",[48,423,424,425,428,429,309],{},"In ",[51,426,427],{},"Disable pipeline variables in projects that don’t use them,"," select ",[51,430,431],{},"Start migration",[12,433,434],{},"This migration is a background job that safely disables pipeline variables via project settings for all projects that historically have not used them.",[79,436,438],{"id":437},"convert-pipeline-variables-to-inputs","Convert pipeline variables to inputs",[12,440,441],{},"For each identified pipeline variable, create a corresponding pipeline input.",[12,443,444],{},[51,445,446],{},"Before (using pipeline variables)",[84,448,453],{"className":449,"code":451,"language":452,"meta":89},[450],"language-text","\nvariables:\n  DEPLOY_ENV:\n    description: \"Deployment environment\"\n    value: \"staging\"\n  ENABLE_CACHE:\n    description: \"Enable deployment cache\"\n    value: \"true\"\n  VERSION:\n    description: \"Application version\"\n    value: \"1.0.0\"\n\ndeploy:\n  script:\n    - echo \"Deploying version $VERSION to $DEPLOY_ENV\"\n    - |\n      if [ \"$ENABLE_CACHE\" = \"true\" ]; then\n        echo \"Cache enabled\"\n      fi\n","text",[56,454,451],{"__ignoreMap":89},[12,456,457],{},[51,458,459],{},"After (using pipeline inputs)",[84,461,464],{"className":462,"code":463,"language":452,"meta":89},[450],"\nspec:\n  inputs:\n    deploy_env:\n      description: \"Deployment environment\"\n      type: string\n      default: \"staging\"\n      options: [\"dev\", \"staging\", \"production\"]\n\n    enable_cache:\n      description: \"Enable deployment cache\"\n      type: boolean\n      default: true\n    \n    version:\n      description: \"Application version\"\n      type: string\n      default: \"1.0.0\"\n      regex: '^[0-9]+\\.[0-9]+\\.[0-9]+$'\n--- deploy:\n  script:\n    - echo \"Deploying version $[[ inputs.version ]] to $[[ inputs.deploy_env ]]\"\n    - |\n      if [ \"$[[ inputs.enable_cache ]]\" = \"true\" ]; then\n        echo \"Cache enabled\"\n      fi\n",[56,465,463],{"__ignoreMap":89},[79,467,469],{"id":468},"migrate-trigger-jobs","Migrate trigger jobs",[12,471,472,473,476,477,480,481,166,483,486,487,490],{},"If you use trigger jobs with the ",[56,474,475],{},"trigger"," keyword, ensure they don't define job-level ",[56,478,479],{},"variables"," or disable inheriting variables from top-level ",[56,482,479],{},[56,484,485],{},"extends",", or ",[56,488,489],{},"include",", because variables could implicitly be passed downstream as pipeline variables. If pipeline variables are restricted on the downstream project, pipeline creation will fail.",[12,492,493],{},"Consider updating your CI configuration to use pipeline inputs instead of pipeline variables.",[84,495,497],{"className":86,"code":496,"language":88,"meta":89,"style":89},"\nvariables:\n  FOO: bar\n\ndeploy-staging:\n  inherit:\n    variables: false # otherwise FOO would be sent downstream as a pipeline variable\n  trigger:\n    project: myorg/deployer\n    inputs:\n      deployment_env: staging\n      enable_tests: true\n",[56,498,499,503,509,519,523,530,537,551,558,568,575,585],{"__ignoreMap":89},[93,500,501],{"class":95,"line":96},[93,502,100],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":99},[93,504,505,507],{"class":95,"line":103},[93,506,479],{"class":106},[93,508,111],{"class":110},[93,510,511,514,516],{"class":95,"line":114},[93,512,513],{"class":106},"  FOO",[93,515,136],{"class":110},[93,517,518],{"class":139},"bar\n",[93,520,521],{"class":95,"line":122},[93,522,100],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":99},[93,524,525,528],{"class":95,"line":130},[93,526,527],{"class":106},"deploy-staging",[93,529,111],{"class":110},[93,531,532,535],{"class":95,"line":143},[93,533,534],{"class":106},"  inherit",[93,536,111],{"class":110},[93,538,539,542,544,547],{"class":95,"line":154},[93,540,541],{"class":106},"    variables",[93,543,136],{"class":110},[93,545,546],{"class":221},"false",[93,548,550],{"class":549},"sAwPA"," # otherwise FOO would be sent downstream as a pipeline variable\n",[93,552,553,556],{"class":95,"line":175},[93,554,555],{"class":106},"  trigger",[93,557,111],{"class":110},[93,559,560,563,565],{"class":95,"line":186},[93,561,562],{"class":106},"    project",[93,564,136],{"class":110},[93,566,567],{"class":139},"myorg/deployer\n",[93,569,570,573],{"class":95,"line":194},[93,571,572],{"class":106},"    inputs",[93,574,111],{"class":110},[93,576,577,580,582],{"class":95,"line":204},[93,578,579],{"class":106},"      deployment_env",[93,581,136],{"class":110},[93,583,584],{"class":139},"staging\n",[93,586,587,590,592],{"class":95,"line":214},[93,588,589],{"class":106},"      enable_tests",[93,591,136],{"class":110},[93,593,222],{"class":221},[31,595,597],{"id":596},"summary","Summary",[12,599,600],{},"Migrating from pipeline variables to pipeline inputs is a security enhancement that protects your CI/CD infrastructure from variable injection while providing better documentation, type safety, and validation. By implementing these restrictions and adopting pipeline inputs, you're not just improving security, you're also making your pipelines more maintainable, self-documenting, and resilient.",[12,602,603],{},"The transition requires some initial effort, but the long-term benefits far outweigh the migration costs. Start by restricting pipeline variables at the group level for new projects, then systematically migrate existing pipelines using the step-by-step approach outlined above.",[12,605,606],{},"Security is not a destination but a journey. Pipeline inputs are one important step in creating a more secure CI/CD environment, complementing other GitLab security features like protected branches, job token allowlists, and container registry protections.",[608,609,610],"blockquote",{},[12,611,612,613,309],{},"To get started with pipeline inputs, ",[15,614,617],{"href":615,"rel":616},"https://about.gitlab.com/free-trial/devsecops/",[],"sign up for a free trial of GitLab Ultimate today",[619,620,621],"style",{},"html pre.shiki code .shJU0, html code.shiki .shJU0{--shiki-default:#22863A}html pre.shiki code .sgsFI, html code.shiki .sgsFI{--shiki-default:#24292E}html pre.shiki code .sYBdl, html code.shiki .sYBdl{--shiki-default:#032F62}html pre.shiki code .sYu0t, html code.shiki .sYu0t{--shiki-default:#005CC5}html pre.shiki code .s7eDp, html code.shiki .s7eDp{--shiki-default:#6F42C1}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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