[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":859},["ShallowReactive",2],{"/fr-fr/topics/ci-cd/continuous-integration-best-practices":3,"navigation-fr-fr":172,"banner-fr-fr":604,"footer-fr-fr":612,"next-steps-fr-fr":850},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"category":6,"config":6,"content":7,"description":6,"extension":164,"meta":165,"navigation":166,"path":167,"seo":168,"slug":6,"stem":170,"testContent":6,"type":6,"__hash__":171},"pages/fr-fr/topics/ci-cd/continuous-integration-best-practices/index.yml","",null,[8,22,30,110,162],{"type":9,"componentName":9,"componentContent":10},"CommonBreadcrumbs",{"crumbs":11},[12,16,20],{"title":13,"config":14},"Industry topics",{"href":15},"/fr-fr/topics/",{"title":17,"config":18},"CI/CD",{"href":19},"/fr-fr/topics/ci-cd/",{"title":21},"Continuous integration best practices",{"type":23,"componentName":23,"componentContent":24},"CommonArticleHero",{"title":25,"text":26,"config":27},"Meilleures pratiques d'intégration continue","L'intégration continue (CI) augmente la productivité des équipes de développement et améliore la qualité du code globale. 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Pour tirer le meilleur parti de votre système CI, il est important d'intégrer les meilleures pratiques d'intégration continue dans votre workflow.\n",{"id":28,"twoColumns":29},"meilleures-pratiques-d'intégration-continue",false,{"type":31,"componentName":31,"componentContent":32},"CommonSideNavigationWithTree",{"anchors":33,"components":68},{"text":34,"data":35},"On this page",[36,40,44,48,52,56,60,64],{"text":37,"config":38},"Meilleure pratique CI : valider tôt, valider souvent",{"href":39},"#ci-best-practice-commit-early-commit-often",{"text":41,"config":42},"Meilleure pratique CI : lisez la documentation régulièrement",{"href":43},"#ci-best-practice-read-the-documentation-and-then-read-it-again",{"text":45,"config":46},"Meilleure pratique CI : optimisez les étapes du pipeline",{"href":47},"#ci-best-practice-optimize-pipeline-stages",{"text":49,"config":50},"Meilleure pratique CI : accélérez et simplifiez les compilations",{"href":51},"#ci-best-practice-make-builds-fast-and-simple",{"text":53,"config":54},"Meilleure pratique CI : utilisez les échecs pour améliorer les processus",{"href":55},"#ci-best-practice-use-failures-to-improve-processes",{"text":57,"config":58},"Meilleure pratique CI : l'environnement de test doit refléter la production",{"href":59},"#ci-best-practice-test-environment-should-mirror-production",{"text":61,"config":62},"En savoir plus sur les meilleures pratiques avec GitLab CI",{"href":63},"#learn-about-best-practices-with-git-lab-ci",{"text":65,"config":66},"Conclusion",{"href":67},"#conclusion",[69,75,80,85,90,95,100,105],{"type":70,"componentName":70,"componentContent":71},"TopicsCopy",{"header":37,"text":72,"config":73},"En règle générale, il est beaucoup plus facile de résoudre les petits problèmes que les gros. L'un des plus grands avantages de l'intégration continue est que le code est intégré dans un dépôt partagé et protégé des changements qui se produisent simultanément. Si une équipe de développement valide des modifications de code tôt et souvent, les bogues sont plus faciles à identifier, car il y a moins de code à trier.\n\nLorsque les tests sont effectués sur de petits lots, la qualité du code est améliorée et les équipes peuvent itérer plus efficacement.\n",{"id":74},"ci-best-practice-commit-early-commit-often",{"type":70,"componentName":70,"componentContent":76},{"header":41,"text":77,"config":78},"Les systèmes d'intégration continue mettent à disposition la documentation, qui peut garder son utilité longtemps après la mise en place de l'approche CI dans votre workflow. Chez GitLab, nous disposons d'une [documentation CI/CD](https://docs.gitlab.com/ci/) complète qui est mise à jour fréquemment pour refléter les derniers processus.\n\nIl peut être utile de rassembler la documentation dans des fichiers README ou d'autres formats accessibles. Encouragez les membres de l'équipe à lire d'abord la documentation, à ajouter des liens à leurs favoris, à créer des FAQ et à incorporer ces ressources dans l'intégration des nouveaux membres de l'équipe.\n",{"id":79},"ci-best-practice-read-the-documentation-and-then-read-it-again",{"type":70,"componentName":70,"componentContent":81},{"header":45,"text":82,"config":83},"Les [pipelines CI](https://about.gitlab.com/fr-fr/topics/ci-cd/cicd-pipeline/) contiennent des jobs et des étapes : les jobs désignent les activités qui se déroulent au cours d'une étape spécifique ; une fois que tous les jobs sont terminés, le code passe à l'étape suivante. 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Martin Fowler propose une ligne directrice de la [compilation en dix minutes](https://martinfowler.com/articles/continuousIntegration.html) que la plupart des projets modernes peuvent mettre en place. Étant donné que l'intégration continue exige des validations fréquentes, accélérer les validations peut permettre aux développeurs de gagner beaucoup de temps.\n",{"id":89},"ci-best-practice-make-builds-fast-and-simple",{"type":70,"componentName":70,"componentContent":91},{"header":53,"text":92,"config":93},"L'amélioration est un processus. Lorsque les équipes modifient leur [réponse aux échecs](https://opensource.com/article/20/5/cicd-best-practices), elles initient un changement culturel menant à une amélioration continue. Au lieu de demander ***qui*** a causé l'échec, demandez ***ce qui*** l'a entraîné. Cette démarche vous oblige à passer d'une culture du blâme à une culture de l'apprentissage.\n\nSi les équipes effectuent des validations fréquentes, il devient beaucoup plus facile d'identifier les problèmes et de les résoudre. Si les échecs de compilation révèlent des schémas, examinez les causes sous-jacentes. Y a-t-il des erreurs sans lien avec le code qui causent des compilations inutiles ? Envisagez d'incorporer un [paramètre](https://docs.gitlab.com/ci/yaml/#keywords) `allow_failure`. Cherchez des moyens de vous améliorer continuellement, d'analyser les échecs sans blâmer personne et de rechercher les causes (et non les coupables).\n",{"id":94},"ci-best-practice-use-failures-to-improve-processes",{"type":70,"componentName":70,"componentContent":96},{"header":57,"text":97,"config":98},"Dans l'intégration continue, chaque validation déclenche une compilation. Ces compilations exécutent ensuite des tests pour identifier si les modifications de code que vous introduisez risquent de casser le code. La [pyramide de tests](https://martinfowler.com/bliki/TestPyramid.html) est un moyen pour les développeurs de réfléchir à la façon d'équilibrer les tests.  Les tests de bout en bout sont principalement utilisés comme mesure de protection. Les tests unitaires sont les plus utilisés pour identifier les erreurs. Lors des tests, il convient de prêter attention à l'environnement. Lorsque les environnements de test et de production correspondent, les développeurs peuvent se fier aux résultats et effectuer le déploiement en toute confiance.\n\nDans GitLab, [l'examen des applications](https://docs.gitlab.com/ci/review_apps/) permet de visualiser les modifications du nouveau code dans un environnement en direct semblable à celui de production. 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Trouvez [la méthode CI adaptée](https://about.gitlab.com/fr-fr/topics/ci-cd/choose-continuous-integration-tool/) à vos besoins, puis intégrez ces meilleures pratiques pour tirer parti de votre nouveau workflow CI.\n",{"id":99},"ci-best-practice-test-environment-should-mirror-production",{"type":70,"componentName":70,"componentContent":101},{"header":61,"text":102,"config":103},"\u003Ciframe width=\"560\" height=\"315\" src=\"https://www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/jeCF-dUFaZY\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen>\u003C/iframe>\n",{"id":104},"learn-about-best-practices-with-git-lab-ci",{"type":70,"componentName":70,"componentContent":106},{"header":65,"text":107,"config":108},"En adoptant les meilleures pratiques présentées ici, les équipes de développement logiciel, y compris les équipes d'ingénierie de plateforme et les équipes DevOps, peuvent améliorer leurs efforts d'intégration continue, afin de rationaliser leur processus de développement et de déploiement. 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