[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":1142},["ShallowReactive",2],{"/ja-jp/blog/what-is-rest-api":3,"navigation-ja-jp":363,"banner-ja-jp":793,"footer-ja-jp":801,"blog-post-authors-ja-jp-GitLab France Team":1040,"blog-related-posts-ja-jp-what-is-rest-api":1056,"blog-promotions-ja-jp":1079,"next-steps-ja-jp":1133},{"id":4,"title":5,"authors":6,"body":8,"category":341,"date":342,"description":343,"extension":344,"externalUrl":345,"faq":345,"featured":346,"heroImage":347,"meta":348,"navigation":349,"path":350,"seo":351,"slug":355,"stem":356,"tags":357,"template":360,"updatedDate":361,"__hash__":362},"blogPosts/ja-jp/blog/what-is-rest-api.md","REST APIとは？定義と概要を徹底解説",[7],"GitLab France Team",{"type":9,"value":10,"toc":321},"minimark",[11,15,21,40,44,47,50,53,69,72,75,90,97,114,117,120,127,130,168,171,174,206,209,213,224,227,230,233,236,250,261,265,287,291,295,300,304,307,311,314,318],[12,13,14],"p",{},"REST APIとは何か。そのメリットと活用方法について、よくある疑問にお答えします。",[12,16,17],{},[18,19,20],"strong",{},"目次",[22,23,24,28,31,34,37],"ul",{},[25,26,27],"li",{},"REST APIとは？",[25,29,30],{},"REST APIの仕組み",[25,32,33],{},"REST APIの原則",[25,35,36],{},"REST APIのメリット",[25,38,39],{},"REST APIの活用事例",[41,42,27],"h2",{"id":43},"rest-apiとは",[12,45,46],{},"REST APIは、**REST（REpresentational State Transfer）アーキテクチャの標準に準拠したAPI（アプリケーション・プログラミング・インターフェース）**です。RESTful APIやRESTful Web APIとも呼ばれます。",[12,48,49],{},"APIとは、2つのアプリケーション間の通信を可能にするソフトウェアです。IT分野では、さまざまなアプリケーションを連携させるうえで欠かせない存在となっています。",[12,51,52],{},"APIを開発する際、開発者は厳密に定められた手法と原則に従う必要があります。2000年以前は、XMLをベースとした複雑で処理負荷の高いプロトコルであるSOAP（Simple Object Access Protocol）が広く使われていました。現在もSOAPは利用されていますが、その多くはREST APIに置き換えられています。",[12,54,55,56,59,60,64,65,68],{},"RESTは2000年にアメリカの計算機科学者",[18,57,58],{},"Roy Fielding","が博士論文の中で考案しました。以来、REST（REpresentational State Transfer）はAPIを設計する際の主流モデルとなり、",[61,62,63],"em",{},"World Wide Web","の発展においても重要な節目となっています。現在、大多数のAPIはRESTをベースとしており、特に",[18,66,67],{},"Webサービス、インタラクティブサービス、モバイルサービス","の提供において広く活用されています。以下では、RESTful APIの仕組み、メリット、そして多岐にわたる活用事例について見ていきます。",[41,70,30],{"id":71},"rest-apiの仕組み",[12,73,74],{},"実際の運用において、REST APIはクライアント・サーバー環境の原則に基づいて機能します。RESTful APIは、一方でユーザーやアプリケーションからのリクエストを受け取り、他方でサーバー（アプリケーションまたはデータベース）から返された情報を伝達します。",[12,76,77,78,81,82,85,86,89],{},"RESTful APIの仕組みを理解するうえで、いくつかの重要な概念があります。",[18,79,80],{},"クライアント","はリクエストを行うエンティティです。たとえば、ブラウザ上で商品カタログを検索しているユーザーがこれにあたります。",[18,83,84],{},"API","はクライアントのリクエストをサーバーへ伝え、要求された情報をクライアントに返す役割を担います。APIを経由してやり取りされる情報がリソースです。",[18,87,88],{},"サーバー","はリクエストを処理します。上記の例では、検索条件に合致する商品リストを返します。",[12,91,92,93,96],{},"クライアントからのリクエストは、",[18,94,95],{},"HTTPプロトコル","（HyperText Transfer Protocol）を通じて送信されます。主なメソッドとその役割は以下のとおりです。",[22,98,99,102,105,108,111],{},[25,100,101],{},"GET：サーバーからデータを取得する。",[25,103,104],{},"POST：サーバーへ情報を送信・公開する（例：登録フォームのデータ）。",[25,106,107],{},"PUT：サーバー上の情報を更新する。",[25,109,110],{},"PATCH：既存のリソースを部分的に変更する。",[25,112,113],{},"DELETE：サーバー上の情報を削除する。",[12,115,116],{},"REST APIで使用できるデータ形式はさまざまです。JSON（JavaScript Object Notation）は軽量で読みやすく、多くのプログラミング言語に対応しています。XML（Extensible Markup Language）は複雑なデータ構造を扱うことができ、RSSなどの標準規格との互換性も持ちます。YAMLやHTMLも、リソースのやり取りに頻繁に使用される形式です。",[41,118,33],{"id":119},"rest-apiの原則",[12,121,122,123,126],{},"REST APIは、",[18,124,125],{},"ソフトウェアアーキテクチャ","におけるRESTの原則に従います。これらの原則は、インターネット上でのデータ転送に最適な、柔軟で軽量なAPIを構築するための指針となっています。",[12,128,129],{},"RESTインターフェースを規定する6つのアーキテクチャ原則は次のとおりです。",[22,131,132,138,144,150,156,162],{},[25,133,134,137],{},[18,135,136],{},"クライアント・サーバーの分離。"," クライアントは取得するリソースのURI（Uniform Resource Identifier）のみを把握します。サーバーはHTTPを通じてデータを送信するだけです。",[25,139,140,143],{},[18,141,142],{},"統一インターフェース。"," RESTアーキテクチャは、情報の識別、管理、転送の方法を統一し、ハイパーリンクを通じてクライアントに追加リソースを提供します。",[25,145,146,149],{},[18,147,148],{},"オンデマンドコード。"," サーバーはクライアントにコードを送信して機能を拡張できます。たとえば、フォームの入力エラーを検出するためのコードがこれにあたります。",[25,151,152,155],{},[18,153,154],{},"階層化システム。"," RESTful APIは階層的に構成された複数のサーバー上で実行でき、クライアントへより安定したパフォーマンスの高いサービスを提供します。",[25,157,158,161],{},[18,159,160],{},"キャッシュ。"," RESTサーバーはデータをキャッシュしてクライアントへの応答を最適化できます。たとえば、サイトの画像をキャッシュして再利用する場合がこれにあたります。",[25,163,164,167],{},[18,165,166],{},"ステートレス。"," クライアントからの各リクエストは独立しており、サーバーによって個別に処理されます。そのため、各リクエストには処理に必要なすべての情報を含める必要があります。",[41,169,36],{"id":170},"rest-apiのメリット",[12,172,173],{},"REST APIのフレームワーク要件を満たすことで、開発者はRESTful APIの数多くのメリットを活かし、効率的で強力なアプリケーションを構築できます。",[22,175,176,182,188,194,200],{},[25,177,178,181],{},[18,179,180],{},"汎用性："," 使用するプログラミング言語の制限がなく、データ形式（XML、PYTHON、JSON、HTMLなど）の選択肢も豊富です。",[25,183,184,187],{},[18,185,186],{},"軽量性："," REST APIの軽量なデータ形式により、モバイルアプリケーションやIoT（Internet of Things）に最適です。",[25,189,190,193],{},[18,191,192],{},"ポータビリティ："," クライアント・サーバーの分離により、プラットフォーム間のデータ交換が容易になります。",[25,195,196,199],{},[18,197,198],{},"柔軟性："," プロトコルの制約を受けないアーキテクチャスタイルです。",[25,201,202,205],{},[18,203,204],{},"独立性："," 開発者はクライアント側とサーバー側を個別に開発できます。",[12,207,208],{},"REST APIのメリットは、開発チームの生産性向上とシステムのスケーラビリティとして現れます。REST APIを活用したシステムのスケールアップが容易になり、多数のユーザーと処理に対応できる機能を実現しやすくなります。",[210,211,212],"h3",{"id":212},"セキュリティ上の考慮事項",[12,214,215,216,219,220,223],{},"RESTful Web APIの構築と管理には課題も存在します。HTTP、APIキー、OAuth（Open Authorization）など複数の認証方式を組み合わせる場合、",[18,217,218],{},"ユーザー認証","が複雑になることがあります。大規模で複雑なアプリケーションでは、サーバーとクライアント間の",[18,221,222],{},"エンドポイントの増加","が全体の整合性を損なう可能性があり、古いエンドポイントが残存した状態での更新も同様のリスクをはらんでいます。",[12,225,226],{},"また、RESTインターフェースはエンドポイントのURLを通じて識別子などの機密データを送信するという弱点があります。そのため、TLS（Transport Layer Security）による暗号化、堅牢なユーザー認証モデル、不正リクエストへの対処とレート制限の仕組みといった具体的なセキュリティ対策が必要です。",[41,228,39],{"id":229},"rest-apiの活用事例",[12,231,232],{},"開発者はRESTアーキテクチャのAPIを使用して、さまざまなサービスを構築・維持しています。多くのWebおよびモバイルアプリケーションはREST APIを使用してリソースや情報にアクセス・共有しています。クラウド環境では、分散型・ハイブリッドアーキテクチャのサービスを迅速に接続できます。大企業においては、情報システムのコンポーネント間の相互運用性を高めるためにも活用されています。",[12,234,235],{},"以下は、有名企業におけるREST APIの活用事例です。",[22,237,238,244],{},[25,239,240,243],{},[18,241,242],{},"Google Search。"," このAPIは、Google WebおよびGoogle Imageの検索結果を数百万件リアルタイムで提供します。",[25,245,246,249],{},[18,247,248],{},"Deezer。"," この音楽ストリーミングプラットフォームのREST APIにより、数百万曲のデータベースからアルバムやアーティストを検索できます。",[12,251,252,253,260],{},"ECサイトの価格更新、ソースコードのフィールド変更、投稿の自動化、",[254,255,259],"a",{"href":256,"rel":257,"title":258},"https://about.gitlab.com/fr-fr/blog/kubernetes-the-container-orchestration-solution/",[],"Kubernetes, la solution d'orchestration des conteneurs","Kubernetesクラスターのオーケストレーション","など、RESTful APIの活用範囲は開発者やデジタルアプリケーション開発者の発想次第で無限に広がります。",[210,262,264],{"id":263},"gitlabのrest-api","GitLabのREST API",[12,266,267,268,273,274,279,280,286],{},"GitLabは、外部アプリケーションとの統合・自動化を実現する包括的なツールとAPIスイートを提供しています。",[254,269,272],{"href":270,"rel":271},"https://about.gitlab.com/ja-jp/blog/what-is-graphql",[],"GraphQL","、",[254,275,278],{"href":276,"rel":277},"https://about.gitlab.com/ja-jp/blog/what-is-webhook",[],"Webhook","、IDE拡張機能、そしてもちろんREST APIも含まれています。GitLabのREST APIはアクセストークン、OAuth、セッションCookieなど、さまざまな認証方法に対応しています。エンドポイントはDockerfileテンプレート、.gitignore、GitLab CI/CD YAML、オープンソースに対応しています。アジャイルかつクラウドネイティブなアプリケーション開発の可能性を最大限に活かすには、",[254,281,285],{"href":282,"rel":283,"title":284},"https://docs.gitlab.com/ja-jp/api/rest/",[],"GitLab REST APIのドキュメント","GitLab REST APIの完全なドキュメント","をご覧ください。",[41,288,290],{"id":289},"rest-api-faq","REST API FAQ",[210,292,294],{"id":293},"restとsoap","RESTとSOAP",[12,296,297,299],{},[18,298,294],{},"は2つのAPIの標準です。REST API（REpresentational State Transfer）はRESTのアーキテクチャ原則に基づいており、軽量かつスケーラブルな方法でサーバーとクライアントを連携させます。REST APIは最も広く使われているAPIの種類です。SOAP（Simple Object Access Protocol）はより古く、より厳格なプロトコルであり、XML形式のみで利用できます。この歴史的な標準は、高いセキュリティレベルを必要とするアプリケーションに現在も使用されています。",[210,301,303],{"id":302},"restとrest-apiの違いは","RESTとREST APIの違いは？",[12,305,306],{},"RESTは、コンピューターとサーバー間の相互運用性を確保しながら、Webサービスの構築やインターネット上でのデータ交換を容易にするためのソフトウェアアーキテクチャスタイルです。RESTful Web APIは、RESTの基本原則に基づいたAPIの一種です。",[210,308,310],{"id":309},"restとrestfulの違いは","RESTとRESTfulの違いは？",[12,312,313],{},"RESTは、Webサービスがシンプル・スケーラブル・高パフォーマンスになるよう設計するためのアーキテクチャ原則の集合体です。APIがこれらの原則に準拠している場合、すなわち標準的なHTTPメソッド（GET、POST、PUT、DELETE）の使用、明確で予測可能なURLによるリソースの整理、サーバー側のステートレス性などを満たしている場合に、そのAPIはRESTfulと呼ばれます。言い換えれば、REST APIであっても、このアーキテクチャのすべてのベストプラクティスを満たしていなければ、必ずしもRESTfulではありません。",[210,315,317],{"id":316},"rest-apiの原則とは","REST APIの原則とは？",[12,319,320],{},"REST APIはRESTアーキテクチャの6つの基本原則に従います。それらは、統一インターフェース、オンデマンドコード、階層化システム、キャッシュ、ステートレス、クライアント・サーバーの分離です。最後の原則はRESTful APIの構造の基盤をなすものであり、Webアプリケーションの世界においてこのAPIが成功している根本的な要因です。",{"title":322,"searchDepth":323,"depth":323,"links":324},"",2,[325,326,327,328,332,335],{"id":43,"depth":323,"text":27},{"id":71,"depth":323,"text":30},{"id":119,"depth":323,"text":33},{"id":170,"depth":323,"text":36,"children":329},[330],{"id":212,"depth":331,"text":212},3,{"id":229,"depth":323,"text":39,"children":333},[334],{"id":263,"depth":331,"text":264},{"id":289,"depth":323,"text":290,"children":336},[337,338,339,340],{"id":293,"depth":331,"text":294},{"id":302,"depth":331,"text":303},{"id":309,"depth":331,"text":310},{"id":316,"depth":331,"text":317},"devsecops","2024-09-04","オンライン予約アプリ、モバイル決済ソリューション、メッセージングサービスなど、 幅広い開発現場でREST APIが活用されています。本記事ではその仕組みとメリットを解説します。","md",null,false,"https://res.cloudinary.com/about-gitlab-com/image/upload/v1749662858/Blog/Hero%20Images/API-REST.jpg",{},true,"/ja-jp/blog/what-is-rest-api",{"ogTitle":5,"ogImage":347,"ogDescription":343,"ogSiteName":352,"noIndex":346,"ogType":353,"ogUrl":354,"title":5,"canonicalUrls":354,"description":343},"https://about.gitlab.com","article","https://about.gitlab.com/blog/what-is-rest-api","what-is-rest-api","ja-jp/blog/what-is-rest-api",[358,359],"DevOps","DevSecOps","BlogPost","2026-07-06","n5EsxiPPS5KwJcTtzjNjmVuQOnjeFNrlPA3UFqkH3yk",{"logo":364,"freeTrial":369,"sales":374,"login":379,"items":384,"search":713,"minimal":746,"duo":763,"switchNav":772,"pricingDeployment":783},{"config":365},{"href":366,"dataGaName":367,"dataGaLocation":368},"/ja-jp/","gitlab 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azure migration",{"config":1132},{"src":1106},{"header":1134,"blurb":1135,"button":1136,"secondaryButton":1140},"今すぐ開発をスピードアップ","DevSecOpsに特化したインテリジェントオーケストレーションプラットフォームで実現できることをご確認ください。\n",{"text":370,"config":1137},{"href":1138,"dataGaName":373,"dataGaLocation":1139},"https://gitlab.com/-/trial_registrations/new?glm_content=default-saas-trial&glm_source=about.gitlab.com/ja-jp/","feature",{"text":692,"config":1141},{"href":701,"dataGaName":378,"dataGaLocation":1139},1786803770853]